![]() |
|
|
WA Devane, FA Dysarz , MR Johnson, LS Melvin and AC Howlett
Department of Pharmacology, St. Louis University Medical School, Missouri 63104.
The determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor from brain are reported. A biologically active bicyclic cannabinoid analgetic CP-55,940 was tritium-labeled to high specific activity. Conditions for binding to rat brain P2 membranes and synaptosomes were established. The pH optimum was between 7 and 8, and specific binding could be eliminated by heating the membranes to 60 degrees. Binding to the P2 membranes was linear within the range of 10 to 50 micrograms of protein/ml. Specific binding (defined as total binding displaced by 1 microM delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) or 100 nM desacetyllevonantradol) was saturable. The Kd determined from Scatchard analysis was 133 pM, and the Bmax for rat cortical P2 membranes was 1.85 pmol/mg of protein. The Hill coefficient for [3H]CP-55,940 approximated 1, indicating that, under the conditions of assay, a single class of binding sites was determined that did not exhibit cooperativity. The binding was rapid (kon approximately 2.6 x 10(-4) pM- 1 min-1) and reversible (Koff approximately 0.016 min-1) and (koff' greater than 0.06 min-1). The two Kd values estimated from the kinetic constants approximately 55 pM and exceeded 200 pM, respectively. The binding of the agonist ligand [3H]CP-55,940 was decreased by the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanylylimidodiphosphate. The guanine nucleotide induced a more rapid dissociation of the ligand from the binding site, consistent with an allosteric regulation of the putative receptor by a G protein. The binding was also sensitive to MgCl2 and CaCl2. Binding of [3H]CP-55,940 was displaced by cannabinoid drugs in the following order of potency: CP-55,940 greater than or equal to desacetyllevonantradol greater than 11-OH-delta 9-THC = delta 9-THC greater than cannabinol. Cannabidiol and cannabigerol displaced [3H]CP- 55,940 by less than 50% at 1 microM concentrations. The (-)-isomer of CP-55,940 displaced with 50-fold greater potency than the (+)-isomer. This pharmacology is comparable to both the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in vitro and the analgetic activity of these compounds in vivo. The criteria for a high affinity, stereoselective, pharmacologically distinct cannabinoid receptor in brain tissue have been fulfilled.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
R. Meccariello, M. F. Franzoni, R. Chianese, E. Cottone, D. Scarpa, D. Donna, G. Cobellis, A. Guastalla, R. Pierantoni, and S. Fasano Interplay between the Endocannabinoid System and GnRH-I in the Forebrain of the Anuran Amphibian Rana esculenta Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2149 - 2158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Stadel, J. Yang, J. W. Nalwalk, J. G. Phillips, and L. B. Hough High-Affinity Binding of [3H]Cimetidine to a Heme-Containing Protein in Rat Brain Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2008; 36(3): 614 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. DeMorrow, H. Francis, E. Gaudio, Y. Ueno, J. Venter, P. Onori, A. Franchitto, B. Vaculin, S. Vaculin, and G. Alpini Anandamide inhibits cholangiocyte hyperplastic proliferation via activation of thioredoxin 1/redox factor 1 and AP-1 activation Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): G506 - G519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. F. Rosenberg Endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and inflammatory stress: an interview with Dr. Pal Pacher J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2007; 82(6): 1390 - 1392. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Crepel and H. Daniel Developmental Changes in Agonist-Induced Retrograde Signaling at Parallel Fiber Purkinje Cell Synapses: Role of Calcium-Induced Calcium Release J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2007; 98(5): 2550 - 2565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. DeMorrow, S. Glaser, H. Francis, J. Venter, B. Vaculin, S. Vaculin, and G. Alpini Opposing Actions of Endocannabinoids on Cholangiocarcinoma Growth: RECRUITMENT OF Fas AND Fas LIGAND TO LIPID RAFTS J. Biol. Chem., April 27, 2007; 282(17): 13098 - 13113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Eggan and D. A. Lewis Immunocytochemical Distribution of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in the Primate Neocortex: A Regional and Laminar Analysis Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2007; 17(1): 175 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. R. McMahon Characterization of Cannabinoid Agonists and Apparent pA2 Analysis of Cannabinoid Antagonists in Rhesus Monkeys Discriminating {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2006; 319(3): 1211 - 1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. KYROU, G. VALSAMAKIS, and C. TSIGOS The Endocannabinoid System as a Target for the Treatment of Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 270 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Degroot, A. Kofalvi, M. R. Wade, R. J. Davis, R. J. Rodrigues, N. Rebola, R. A. Cunha, and G. G. Nomikos CB1 Receptor Antagonism Increases Hippocampal Acetylcholine Release: Site and Mechanism of Action Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2006; 70(4): 1236 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P. Prestifilippo, J. Fernandez-Solari, C. de la Cal, M. Iribarne, A. M. Suburo, V. Rettori, S. M. McCann, and J. C. Elverdin Inhibition of Salivary Secretion by Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors Experimental Biology and Medicine, September 1, 2006; 231(8): 1421 - 1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Pacher, S. Batkai, and G. Kunos The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2006; 58(3): 389 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. B. Bradshaw, N. Rimmerman, J. F. Krey, and J. M. Walker Sex and hormonal cycle differences in rat brain levels of pain-related cannabimimetic lipid mediators Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): R349 - R358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. C. Felder, A. K. Dickason-Chesterfield, and S. A. Moore Cannabinoids Biology: The Search for New Therapeutic Targets Mol. Interv., June 1, 2006; 6(3): 149 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. E. Blair, L. S. Deshpande, S. Sombati, K. W. Falenski, B. R. Martin, and R. J. DeLorenzo Activation of the Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mediates the Anticonvulsant Properties of Cannabinoids in the Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2006; 317(3): 1072 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Raduner, A. Majewska, J.-Z. Chen, X.-Q. Xie, J. Hamon, B. Faller, K.-H. Altmann, and J. Gertsch Alkylamides from Echinacea Are a New Class of Cannabinomimetics: CANNABINOID TYPE 2 RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS J. Biol. Chem., May 19, 2006; 281(20): 14192 - 14206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Milman, Y. Maor, S. Abu-Lafi, M. Horowitz, R. Gallily, S. Batkai, F.-M. Mo, L. Offertaler, P. Pacher, G. Kunos, et al. N-arachidonoyl L-serine, an endocannabinoid-like brain constituent with vasodilatory properties PNAS, February 14, 2006; 103(7): 2428 - 2433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. L Burns and J. R Ineck Cannabinoid Analgesia as a Potential New Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Chronic Pain Ann. Pharmacother., February 1, 2006; 40(2): 251 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Khodayar, B. Shafaghi, N. Naderi, and M.-R. Zarrindast Antinociceptive effect of spinally administered cannabinergic and 2-adrenoceptor drugs on the formalin test in rat: possible interactions J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 2006; 20(1): 67 - 74. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Moore, G. G. Nomikos, A. K. Dickason-Chesterfield, D. A. Schober, J. M. Schaus, B.-P. Ying, Y.-C. Xu, L. Phebus, R. M. A. Simmons, D. Li, et al. From The Cover: Identification of a high-affinity binding site involved in the transport of endocannabinoids PNAS, December 6, 2005; 102(49): 17852 - 17857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Schuel and L. J. Burkman A Tale of Two Cells: Endocannabinoid-Signaling Regulates Functions of Neurons and Sperm Biol Reprod, December 1, 2005; 73(6): 1078 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. E. Alger Endocannabinoid Identification in the Brain: Studies of Breakdown Lead to Breakthrough, and There May Be NO Hope Sci. Signal., November 8, 2005; 2005(309): pe51 - pe51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Finer and U. Pagotto Review: The endocannabinoid system: a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk factor management The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, May 1, 2005; 5(3): 121 - 124. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. McKallip, M. Nagarkatti, and P. S. Nagarkatti {Delta}-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Suppression of the Antitumor Immune Response J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3281 - 3289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. RODRIGUEZ de FONSECA, I. DEL ARCO, F. J. BERMUDEZ-SILVA, A. BILBAO, A. CIPPITELLI, and M. NAVARRO THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM: PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY Alcohol Alcohol., January 1, 2005; 40(1): 2 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. M. H. Habayeb, A. H. Taylor, M. D. Evans, M. S. Cooke, D. J. Taylor, S. C. Bell, and J. C. Konje Plasma Levels of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide in Women--A Potential Role in Pregnancy Maintenance and Labor? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5482 - 5487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. L. HUNGUND and B. S. BASAVARAJAPPA Role of Endocannabinoids and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in Alcohol-Related Behaviors Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., October 1, 2004; 1025(1): 515 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Harkany, C. Holmgren, W. Hartig, T. Qureshi, F. A. Chaudhry, J. Storm-Mathisen, M. B. Dobszay, P. Berghuis, G. Schulte, K. M. Sousa, et al. Endocannabinoid-Independent Retrograde Signaling at Inhibitory Synapses in Layer 2/3 of Neocortex: Involvement of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 3 J. Neurosci., May 26, 2004; 24(21): 4978 - 4988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Kishimoto, Y. Kobayashi, S. Oka, M. Gokoh, K. Waku, and T. Sugiura 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand, Induces Accelerated Production of Chemokines in HL-60 Cells J. Biochem., April 1, 2004; 135(4): 517 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Fernandez-Solari, C. Scorticati, C. Mohn, A. De Laurentiis, S. Billi, A. Franchi, S. M. McCann, and V. Rettori Alcohol inhibits luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by activating the endocannabinoid system PNAS, March 2, 2004; 101(9): 3264 - 3268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. W. Klein, C. Newton, K. Larsen, L. Lu, I. Perkins, L. Nong, and H. Friedman The cannabinoid system and immune modulation J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2003; 74(4): 486 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. F. FREUND, I. KATONA, and D. PIOMELLI Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids in Synaptic Signaling Physiol Rev, July 1, 2003; 83(3): 1017 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ruiu, G. A. Pinna, G. Marchese, J.-M. Mussinu, P. Saba, S. Tambaro, P. Casti, R. Vargiu, and L. Pani Synthesis and Characterization of NESS 0327: A Novel Putative Antagonist of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2003; 306(1): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Scorticati, C. Mohn, A. De Laurentiis, P. Vissio, J. Fernandez Solari, A. Seilicovich, S. M. McCann, and V. Rettori The effect of anandamide on prolactin secretion is modulated by estrogen PNAS, February 18, 2003; 100(4): 2134 - 2139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. C. Kirkham Endogenous cannabinoids: a new target in the treatment of obesity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2003; 284(2): R343 - R344. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Jerman, J. Gray, S. J. Brough, L. Ooi, D. Owen, J. B. Davis, and D. Smart Comparison of effects of anandamide at recombinant and endogenous rat vanilloid receptors Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2002; 89(6): 882 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Laine, K. Jarvinen, R. Mechoulam, A. Breuer, and T. Jarvinen Comparison of the Enzymatic Stability and Intraocular Pressure Effects of 2-Arachidonylglycerol and Noladin Ether, a Novel Putative Endocannabinoid Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2002; 43(10): 3216 - 3222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Ploner, A. Tschirch, F. Ostendorf, S. Dick, B. M. Gaymard, S. Rivaud-Pechoux, F. Sporkert, F. Pragst, and A. M. Stadelmann Oculomotor Effects of {delta}-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans: Implications for the Functional Neuroanatomy of the Brain Cannabinoid System Cereb Cortex, October 1, 2002; 12(10): 1016 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Parmentier-Batteur, K. Jin, L. Xie, X. O. Mao, and D. A. Greenberg DNA Microarray Analysis of Cannabinoid Signaling in Mouse Brain in Vivo Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2002; 62(4): 828 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. McKallip, C. Lombard, B. R. Martin, M. Nagarkatti, and P. S. Nagarkatti Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Apoptosis in the Thymus and Spleen as a Mechanism of Immunosuppression in Vitro and in Vivo J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2002; 302(2): 451 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. McKallip, C. Lombard, M. Fisher, B. R. Martin, S. Ryu, S. Grant, P. S. Nagarkatti, and M. Nagarkatti Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease Blood, June 28, 2002; 100(2): 627 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. R. Martin Identification of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System through Integrative Pharmacological Approaches J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2002; 301(3): 790 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Rawls, J. Cabassa, E. B. Geller, and M. W. Adler CB1 Receptors in the Preoptic Anterior Hypothalamus Regulate WIN 55212-2 [(4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1ij]quinolin-6-one]-Induced Hypothermia J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2002; 301(3): 963 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. C. Howlett, F. Barth, T. I. Bonner, G. Cabral, P. Casellas, W. A. Devane, C. C. Felder, M. Herkenham, K. Mackie, B. R. Martin, et al. International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2002; 54(2): 161 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. L. Wiley, I. D. Beletskaya, E. W. Ng, Z. Dai, P. J. Crocker, A. Mahadevan, R. K. Razdan, and B. R. Martin Resorcinol Derivatives: A Novel Template for the Development of Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 and CB2-Selective Agonists J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2002; 301(2): 679 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Alberich Jorda, S. E. Verbakel, P. J. M. Valk, Y. V. Vankan-Berkhoudt, M. Maccarrone, A. Finazzi-Agro, B. Lowenberg, and R. Delwel Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor migrate in response to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol Blood, April 15, 2002; 99(8): 2786 - 2793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. R. Elphick Evolution of Cannabinoid Receptors in Vertebrates: Identification of a CB2 Gene in the Puffer Fish Fugu rubripes Biol. Bull., April 1, 2002; 202(2): 104 - 107. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Navarro, M. R. A. Carrera, W. Fratta, O. Valverde, G. Cossu, L. Fattore, J. A. Chowen, R. Gomez, I. del Arco, M. A. Villanua, et al. Functional Interaction between Opioid and Cannabinoid Receptors in Drug Self-Administration J. Neurosci., July 15, 2001; 21(14): 5344 - 5350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Soderstrom and F. Johnson Zebra Finch CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor: Pharmacology and in Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Activation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2001; 297(1): 189 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
D. C. D'Souza and T. R. Kosten Cannabinoid Antagonists: A Treatment in Search of an Illness Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2001; 58(4): 330 - 331. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. L. Wiley, R. G. Jefferson, M. C. Grier, A. Mahadevan, R. K. Razdan, and B. R. Martin Novel Pyrazole Cannabinoids: Insights into CB1 Receptor Recognition and Activation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 1013 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. J. Rodriguez, K. Mackie, and V. M. Pickel Ultrastructural Localization of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor in {micro}-Opioid Receptor Patches of the Rat Caudate Putamen Nucleus J. Neurosci., February 1, 2001; 21(3): 823 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. H. ASHTON Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review The British Journal of Psychiatry, February 1, 2001; 178(2): 101 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. K. Mani, A. Mitchell, and B. W. O'Malley Progesterone receptor and dopamine receptors are required in Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulation of sexual receptivity in female rats PNAS, January 23, 2001; (2001) 31563998. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
C. S. Breivogel and S. R. Childers Cannabinoid Agonist Signal Transduction in Rat Brain: Comparison of Cannabinoid Agonists in Receptor Binding, G-Protein Activation, and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibition J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2000; 295(1): 328 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Malfait, R. Gallily, P. F. Sumariwalla, A. S. Malik, E. Andreakos, R. Mechoulam, and M. Feldmann The nonpsychoactive cannabis-constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis PNAS, July 30, 2000; (2000) 160105897. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
Z.-H. Song and M. Zhong CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated Cell Migration J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2000; 294(1): 204 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
N. Auclair, S. Otani, P. Soubrie, and F. Crepel Cannabinoids Modulate Synaptic Strength and Plasticity at Glutamatergic Synapses of Rat Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2000; 83(6): 3287 - 3293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-M. Derocq, O. Jbilo, M. Bouaboula, M. Segui, C. Clere, and P. Casellas Genomic and Functional Changes Induced by the Activation of the Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 in the Promyelocytic Cells HL-60. POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF THE CB2 RECEPTOR IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION J. Biol. Chem., May 19, 2000; 275(21): 15621 - 15628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. SUGIURA and K. WAKU 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: A Possible Multifunctional Lipid Mediator in the Nervous and Immune Systems Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., April 1, 2000; 905(1): 344 - 346. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Griff |