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Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany (C.B., F.L., A.P., M.W., C.J.N., F.H.), and
Institute
of Anatomy, Charité Berlin, 10098 Berlin, Germany (T.S.)
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in
different neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases; one
such ailment is Alzheimer's disease. Using the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid 
protein, glutamate, hydrogen peroxide, and buthionine sulfoximine, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of estrogen against oxidative stress-induced cell death. We
show that 17--estradiol, its nonestrogenic stereoisomer,
17-
-estradiol, and some estradiol derivatives can prevent
intracellular peroxide accumulation and, ultimately, the degeneration
of primary neurons, clonal hippocampal cells, and cells in organotypic
hippocampal slices. The neuroprotective antioxidant activity of
estrogens is dependent on the presence of the hydroxyl group in the C3
position on the A ring of the steroid molecule but is independent of an activation of estrogen receptors.
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A. Post, F. Holsboer, and C. Behl Induction of NF-kappa B Activity during Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Toxicity in Clonal Hippocampal Cells: Suppression of NF-kappa B and Neuroprotection by Antioxidants J. Neurosci., October 15, 1998; 18(20): 8236 - 8246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. K. Toung, R. J. Traystman, P. D. Hurn, and V. M. Miller Estrogen-Mediated Neuroprotection After Experimental Stroke in Male Rats • Editorial Comment Stroke, August 1, 1998; 29(8): 1666 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C.-N. Wang, C.-W. Chi, Y.-L. Lin, C.-F. Chen, and Y.-J. Shiao The Neuroprotective Effects of Phytoestrogens on Amyloid beta Protein-induced Toxicity Are Mediated by Abrogating the Activation of Caspase Cascade in Rat Cortical Neurons J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2001; 276(7): 5287 - 5295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. B. Dubal, H. Zhu, J. Yu, S. W. Rau, P. J. Shughrue, I. Merchenthaler, M. S. Kindy, and P. M. Wise Estrogen receptor alpha , not beta , is a critical link in estradiol-mediated protection against brain injury PNAS, February 13, 2001; 98(4): 1952 - 1957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Paroo, J. V. Haist, M. Karmazyn, and E. G. Noble Exercise Improves Postischemic Cardiac Function in Males but Not Females: Consequences of a Novel Sex-Specific Heat Shock Protein 70 Response Circ. Res., May 3, 2002; 90(8): 911 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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