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Vol. 53, Issue 1, 62-76, January 1998
Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and
Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702 (P.V.-P., E.H.),
Departments of
Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Southwestern Medical
Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235 (J.Y.L.,
J.Y., J.R.F.),
College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331 (H.-D.Y., B.M., D.G.N., W.H.G.),
Department of Chemistry,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (M.N., J.D.W.), and
Departments of
Environmental and Occupational Health and of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238 (B.W.D.)
Originally purified as a major lipid component of a strain of the
cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula isolated in
Curaçao, curacin A is a potent inhibitor of cell growth and
mitosis, binding rapidly and tightly at the colchicine site of tubulin.
Because its molecular structure differs so greatly from that of
colchicine and other colchicine site inhibitors, we prepared a series
of curacin A analogs to determine the important structural features of
the molecule. These modifications include reduction and
E-to-Z transitions of the olefinic bonds
in the 14-carbon side chain of the molecule; disruption of and
configurational changes in the cyclopropyl moiety; disruption,
oxidation, and configurational reversal in the thiazoline moiety;
configurational reversal and substituent modifications at C13; and
demethylation at C10. Inhibitory effects on tubulin assembly, the
binding of colchicine to tubulin, and the growth of MCF-7 human breast
carcinoma cells were examined. The most important portions of curacin A
required for its interaction with tubulin seem to be the thiazoline
ring and the side chain at least through C4, the portion of the side
chain including the C9-10 olefinic bond, and the C10 methyl group.
Only two modifications totally eliminated the tubulin-drug interaction.
The inactive compounds were a segment containing most of the side
chain, including its two substituents, and analogs in which the methyl
group at the C13 oxygen atom was replaced by a benzoate residue.
Antiproliferative activity comparable with that observed with curacin A
was only reproduced in compounds that were potent inhibitors of the
binding of colchicine to tubulin. Molecular modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that most active
analogs overlapped extensively with curacin A but failed to provide an
explanation for the apparent structural analogy between curacin A and
colchicine.
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