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Vol. 56, Issue 3, 526-536, September 1999
Institut de Biologie Animale, Bâtiment de Biologie,
Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.B., B.D., W.W.);
and Laboratoire de Biochimie Pharmacologique, Unité de Formation
et de Recherche Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon,
France (P.B., H.G., Y.A.)
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1) catalyzes the
glucuronidation of bilirubin in liver. Among all UGT isoforms identified to date, it is the only relevant bilirubin-glucuronidating enzyme in human. Because glucuronoconjugation is the major route of
bilirubin elimination, any genetic alteration that affects bilirubin
glucuronosyltransferase activity may result in a more or less severe
hyperbilirubinemia. In this study, we report the cloning and
characterization of the transcriptional regulation of the mouse
UGT1A1 gene. Primary-structure analysis of the mouse Thymidine Adevice promoter revealed marked differences with its human
homolog. First, the mouse promoter lacks the highly polymorphic thymidine/adenine repeat occurring in the human promoter, which has been associated with some forms of hyperbilirubinemia. Second, an
L1 transposon element, which is absent in the human promoter, is found
480 bp upstream of the transcription start site in mouse. Using the
electromobility shift and DNase I footprinting experiments, we have
identified a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-binding site in the
mouse UGT1A1 promoter that confers responsiveness to
both factors HNF1
and HNF1
in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we show that this element, which is conserved in the human promoter, also confers strong HNF1 responsiveness to the human UGT1A1
gene. Together, these results provide evidence for a major regulatory
function of this liver-enriched transcription factor in UGT1A1 activity in both rodents and human.
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