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Vol. 58, Issue 3, 508-514, September 2000
Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,
Texas (S-Y.S., P.Y., W.K.H., R.L.); Retinoid Research, Allergan,
Irvine, California (R.A.S.C.); and Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Y.T.)
The synthetic retinoid
6-[3-(adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid
(CD437), which can bind to and activate the nuclear retinoic acid
receptors
and
(RAR
/
), is a potent inducer of apoptosis in
various cancer cell lines. However, this effect was reported to be
independent of RARs. In this study, we compared and contrasted the
potencies and mechanisms of action of CD437 and several other
receptor-selective retinoids in induction of apoptosis and modulation
of squamous differentiation in UMSCC22B human head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma cell line. CD437 and the
structurally related retinoid CD2325 exhibited almost equal potency in
inducing apoptosis, whereas several other retinoids failed to induce
apoptosis. The RAR-specific pan antagonist AGN193109 failed to suppress
CD437-induced apoptosis, indicating that the induction of apoptosis by
CD437 was RAR-independent. c-Fos expression was
induced by CD437 and CD2325 that induced apoptosis in the cell line but
not by other retinoids that failed to induce apoptosis, suggesting a
role for c-Fos in CD437-induced apoptosis. At low concentration (0.01 µM), CD437 shared with several other receptor-selective retinoids the
ability to suppress the mRNA levels of the squamous differentiation
markers Spr1, involucrin, and cytokeratin 1. This effect of CD437 could
be blocked by AGN193109. We conclude that CD437 can exert its effects
in UMSCC22B human human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by
at least two mechanisms: RAR-mediated suppression of squamous
differentiation and RAR-independent induction of apoptosis.
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