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Vol. 58, Issue 6, 1197-1203, December 2000
University of Virginia Health System, Departments of Anesthesiology
(L.A.P., R.A.J.) and Pediatrics (B.G.), Charlottesville, Virginia
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an essential transcription factor
involved in the oxygen-dependent regulation of gene expression. Thiol
groups in HIF-1 or in proteins that modify HIF-1 are conventional
targets for regulation by nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, NO delivery to
tissue by hemoglobin appears to be oxygen dependent. Therefore, the
role NO plays in regulating HIF-1 activity and expression was examined.
The 1-substituted diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate NOC-18 induced HIF-1
DNA-binding activity in normoxic bovine pulmonary artery endothelial
cells and rat aortic smooth muscle cells in a time- and dose-dependent
manner. Induction of HIF-1-binding activity was consistent with an
increased expression of HIF-1 subunit proteins HIF-1
and HIF-1
.
The effect of NOC-18 on HIF-1 activity was blocked by cycloheximide,
consistent with a post-transcriptional effect. NOC-18 induction of
HIF-1 DNA-binding activity was not blocked with oxyhemoglobin, nor was
it related to the rate of NO evolution, arguing against
NO-mediation of the effect. Additionally, the effect of NOC-18
could not be mimicked by Angeli's salt, arguing against nitroxyl
mediation. However, the NOC-18 effect could be reproduced by
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous nitrosonium donor formed in the presence of deoxyhemoglobin. Furthermore, the GSNO
effect could be reversed by dithiothreitol as well as acivicin, an
inhibitor of GSNO bioactivation. Taken together, these results suggest
that an S-nitrosylation reaction stabilizes HIF-1
protein expression and activity. We speculate that one signaling mechanism by which deoxyhemoglobin may activate HIF-1 involves NO.
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