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Vol. 59, Issue 4, 732-743, April 2001

Modulation of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Halothane in Rat Cortical Neurons

Takashi Mori, Xilong Zhao, Yi Zuo, Gary L. Aistrup, Kiyonobu Nishikawa, William Marszalec, Jay Z. Yeh, and Toshio Narahashi

Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois

Inhalational general anesthetics have recently been shown to inhibit neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nnAChRs) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in molluscan neurons. However, drug actions on these systems are not necessarily the same as those seen on native mammalian neurons. Thus, we analyzed the detailed mechanisms of action of halothane on nnAChRs using rat cortical neurons in long-term primary culture. Currents induced by applications of ACh via a U-tube system were recorded by the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. ACh evoked two types of currents, alpha -bungarotoxin-sensitive, fast desensitizing (alpha 7-type) currents and alpha -bungarotoxin-insensitive, slowly desensitizing (alpha 4beta 2-type) currents. Halothane suppressed alpha 4beta 2-type currents more than alpha 7-type currents with IC50 values of 105 and 552 µM, respectively. Halothane shifted the ACh dose-response curve for the alpha 4beta 2-type currents in the direction of lower ACh concentrations and slowed its apparent rate of desensitization. The rate of recovery after washout from halothane block was much faster than the rate of recovery from ACh desensitization. Thus, the halothane block was not caused by receptor desensitization. Chlorisondamine, an irreversible open channel blocker for nnAChRs, caused a time-dependent block that was attenuated by halothane. These results could be accounted for by kinetic simulation based on a model in which halothane causes flickering block of open channels, as seen in muscle nAChRs. Halothane block of nnAChRs is deemed to play an important role in anesthesia via a direct action on the receptor and an indirect action to suppress transmitter release.

Copyright © 2001 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


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