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Vol. 59, Issue 4, 814-824, April 2001
-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons
Departments of Physiology (D.B., G.Z., M.F.J., J.F.M., B.A.O.) and
Pharmaceutical Sciences (P.P.), University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada; and Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook and Women's
Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.A.O.)
-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory
neurotransmitter, activates a persistent low amplitude tonic current in
several brain regions in addition to conventional synaptic currents.
Here we demonstrate that GABAA receptors mediating the tonic current in hippocampal neurons exhibit functional and
pharmacological properties different from those of quantal synaptic
currents. Patch-clamp techniques were used to characterize miniature
inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and the tonic GABAergic
current recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices and in dissociated neurons grown in culture. The competitive
GABAA receptor antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin,
blocked both the mIPSCs and the tonic current. In contrast, mIPSCs but
not the tonic current were inhibited by gabazine (SR-95531).
Coapplication experiments and computer simulations revealed that
gabazine bound to the receptors responsible for the tonic current but
did not prevent channel activation. However, gabazine competitively
inhibited bicuculline blockade. The unitary conductance of the
GABAA receptors underlying the tonic current (~6 pS) was
less than the main conductance of channels activated during quantal
synaptic transmission (~15-30 pS). Furthermore, compounds that
potentiate GABAA receptor function including the
benzodiazepine, midazolam, and anesthetic, propofol, prolonged the
duration of mIPSCs and increased tonic current amplitude in cultured
neurons to different extents. Clinically-relevant concentrations of
midazolam and propofol caused a greater increase in tonic current
compared with mIPSCs, as measured by total charge transfer. In summary,
the receptors underlying the tonic current are functionally and
pharmacologically distinct from quantally activated synaptic receptors
and these receptors represent a novel target for neurodepressive drugs.
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