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Vol. 59, Issue 6, 1523-1532, June 2001
Medical Research Council Membrane and Adapter Proteins Co-operative
Group, Membrane Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square,
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
The VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors for vasoactive
intestinal polypeptide and the PAC1 receptor for pituitary
adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide are members of a
subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We recently reported
that phospholipase D (PLD) activation by members of the rhodopsin group
of GPCRs occurs by at least two routes, one of which seems to involve
the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and its physical
association with GPCRs. Here we report that rat VPAC and
PAC1 receptors can also stimulate PLD (albeit less potently
than adenylate cyclase) in transfected cells and also in cells where
they are natively expressed. PLD responses of the VPAC receptors and
the hop1 spice variant of the PAC1 receptor but not its
null form are sensitive to brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of GTP
exchange at ARF. The presence of the hop1 cassette in the rat
PAC1 receptor facilitates PLD activation in the absence of
marked changes in ligand binding, receptor internalization, and
adenylate cyclase activation, with some reduction in phospholipase C
activation. Both VPAC2 and PAC1-hop1 (but not
PAC1-null) receptors were shown to associate with
immunoprecipitates directed against native or epitope-tagged ARF. A
chimeric construct of the VPAC2 receptor body with
intracellular loop 3 (i3) of the PAC1-null receptor
mediated BFA-insensitive activation of PLD, whereas the response of the
corresponding PAC1-hop1 construct was BFA-sensitive. Motifs
in i3 of the PAC1-hop1 receptor may act as critical
determinants of coupling to ARF-dependent PLD activation by
contributing to the GPCR:ARF interface.
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