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Vol. 60, Issue 1, 225-232, July 2001
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and
Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California (V.K.N., K.B., L.W., M.A.J.) and Division de
Cancerologie Experimentale, Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Castres,
France (B.T.H.)
The two second-generation Vinca alkaloids, vinorelbine
and vinflunine, affect microtubule dynamics very differently from
vinblastine, a first generation Vinca alkaloid.
For example, vinblastine strongly suppresses the rate and extent of
microtubule shortening in vitro, whereas vinorelbine and vinflunine
suppress the rate and extent of microtubule growing events. We asked
whether these differences result in differences in mitotic spindle
organization that might be responsible for the superior antitumor
activities of the two second-generation Vinca alkaloids.
IC50 values for inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation for
vinflunine, vinorelbine, and vinblastine were 18, 1.25, and 0.45 nM,
respectively, similar to the concentrations that induced mitotic block
at the metaphase/anaphase transition (38, 3.8, and 1.1 nM,
respectively), indicating that mitotic block is a major contributor to
antiproliferative action for all three drugs. Mitotically blocked cells
exhibited aberrant spindles, consistent with induction of block by
suppression of microtubule dynamics. Despite differences in their
actions on individual dynamic instability parameters, morphologically
detectable differences in spindle effects among the three drugs were
minimal, indicating that overall suppression of dynamics may be more
important in blocking mitosis than specific effects on growth or
shortening. We also found that the peak intracellular drug
concentration at the mitotic IC50 value was highest for
vinflunine (4.2 ± 0.2 µM), intermediate for vinorelbine
(1.3 ± 0.1 µM), and more than 10-fold lower for vinblastine
(130 ± 7 nM), suggesting that intracellular binding reservoir(s)
may be partially responsible for vinflunine's high efficacy and
minimal side effects.
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