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Vol. 60, Issue 3, 488-496, September 2001
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale U 466, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France (V.G., S.C.,
R.S., T.L., N.A.-A.); and Unit of Health and Environment, Centre
Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Research Center and Laval
University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada (M.-E.C.)
Reduced glutathione and N-acetylcysteine can inhibit
both apoptosis and necrosis of several cell types, suggesting a
critical role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell death. However, how the cellular defense against oxidative stress is connected with
other cell death mediators remains unclear. We selectively investigated
the interaction of seleno-glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), the major
enzyme responsible for peroxide detoxification in mammalian cells, with
the cytotoxic response of T47D human breast cancer cells to
doxorubicin, an anticancer drug known to promote production of ROS and
apoptotic mediator ceramide. The sensitivity to doxorubicin-mediated
cell death was compared in T47D/H3 containing low levels of endogenous
GPx and T47D/GPx2 transfectant cells, which overexpress GPx-1. We show
that T47D/GPx2 cells were significantly more resistant than T47D/H3
cells to doxorubicin (1 µM). The glutathione precursor,
N-acetylcysteine also partially protected T47D/H3 cells
from the lethal effect of doxorubicin, whereas
L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine,
an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, sensitized both
GPx-1-deficient and -proficient cells. Interestingly, in addition to a
decrease in ROS production, the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase,
sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and ceramide generation in response to
doxorubicin was impaired in T47D/GPx2 cells compared with control
cells. In contrast, GPx overexpression did not protect breast cancer
cells from cell death induced by exogenous cell-permeant ceramide.
Moreover, the basal activity of neutral sphingomyelinase was
considerably lower in T47D/GPx2. Taken together, these results indicate
that GPx-1 can regulate doxorubicin-induced cell death signaling at least in part by interfering with the activation of the
sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway.
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