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Vol. 60, Issue 6, 1399-1406, December 2001
,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3
Department of Pharmaceutics (K.E.T., T.S., Y.L., H.I.), and
Department of Anesthesiology (E.K.), University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.B., K.Y.,
J.T., J.S., E.S.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,
Tennessee
It was previously shown that CYP3A4 is induced in the human intestinal
Caco-2 cell model by treatment with 1
,25-dihydroxy vitamin
D3 (1,25-D3). We demonstrate the vitamin D
analog, 19-nor-1
,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2, is also an
effective inducer of CYP3A4 in Caco-2 cells, but with half the potency
of 1,25-D3. We report that treatment of LS180 cells, a
human intestinal cell line, with 1 to 10 nM 1,25-D3 dose
dependently increased CYP3A4 protein and CYP3A4 mRNA expression.
CYP3A4- and CYP3A23-promoter-Luciferase
reporter constructs transiently transfected into LS180 cells were
transcriptionally activated in a dose-dependent manner by
1,25-D3, whereas mutation of the nuclear hormone receptor
binding motif (ER6) in the CYP3A4 promoter abrogated
1,25-D3 activation of CYP3A4. Although the CYP3A4 ER6 promoter element has been shown to bind the
pregnane X receptor (PXR), this receptor does not mediate
1,25-D3 induction of CYP3A4 because a) PXR is not expressed
in Caco-2 cells; b) PXR mRNA expression is not induced by
1,25-D3 treatment of LS180 cells; and c) the ligand binding
domain of human PXR was not activated by 1,25-D3.
1,25-D3 uses the vitamin D receptor to induce CYP3A4 because a) the vitamin D receptor (VDR)-retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer binds specifically to the CYP3A4 ER6; b)
selective mutation of the CYP3A4 ER6 disrupted the
binding of VDR-RXR; and c) reporter constructs containing only three
copies of the CYP3A4 ER6 linked to a TK-CAT reporter were activated by
1,25-D3 only in cells cotransfected with a human VDR
expression plasmid. These data support the hypothesis that
1,25-D3 and VDR induce expression of intestinal CYP3A by
binding of the activated VDR-RXR heterodimer to the
CYP3A PXR response element and promoting gene transcription.
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