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Vol. 61, Issue 1, 26-34, January 2002
Department of Pharmacology and Brain Science, School of Human
Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan (R.A., T.M., M.A., M.A.,
S.S.); Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National
Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,
Tokyo, Japan (K.W., E.W); and Japan Science and Technology Corporation,
Tokyo, Japan (E.W)
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), locus of the central circadian
clock, consists of two neuronal populations (i.e., a light-recipient ventral SCN subpopulation directly entrained by light and a dorsal SCN
subpopulation with an autonomous oscillatory function possessing an
indirect or weak light response). However, the mechanism
underlying the transmission of photic signals from the ventral to
dorsal SCN remains unclear. Because gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), expressed mainly in the ventral SCN, exerts phase-shifting actions, loss of the GRP receptor intuitively implies a reduction of photic information from the ventral to dorsal SCN. Therefore, using GRP receptor-deficient mice, we examined the involvement of GRP and the GRP
receptor in light- and GRP-induced entrainment by the assessment of
behavioral rhythm and induction of mousePeriod
(mPer) gene in the SCN, which is believed to be a
critical for photic entrainment. Administration of GRP during nighttime
dose dependently produced a phase delay of behavior in wild-type but
not GRP receptor-deficient mice. This phase-shift by GRP was closely
associated with induction of mPer1 and
mPer2 mRNA as well as c-Fos protein in the dorsal portion of the SCN, where the GRP receptor was also expressed abundantly. Both the light-induced phase shift in behavior and the
induction of mPer mRNA and c-Fos protein in the dorsal SCN were
attenuated in GRP receptor-deficient mice. Our present studies suggest
that GRP neurons in the retinorecipient ventral area of the SCN convey
the photic entrainable signals from the ventral SCN to the dorsal SCN
via induction of the mPer gene.
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