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Vol. 61, Issue 5, 1124-1131, May 2002
Molecular Neuropsychiatry Section, Intramural Research Program,
National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse,
Baltimore, Maryland
The clinical abuse of methamphetamine (METH) is a major concern because
it can cause long-lasting neurodegenerative effects in humans. Current
concepts of the molecular mechanisms underlying these complications
have centered on the formation of reactive oxygen species. Herein, we
provide cDNA microarray evidence that METH administration caused the
induction of c-Jun and of other members involved in the pathway leading
to c-Jun activation [stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal
kinase (JNK3), Crk-associated substrate-Cas and c-Src] after
environmental stresses or cytokine stimulation. Reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these
increases and also showed that the expression of JNK1 and JNK3 but not
JNK2 was also increased in the METH-treated mice. Western blot analysis
showed that METH increased the expression of c-Jun phosphorylated at
serine-63 and serine-73 residues. Other upstream members of the JNK
pathway, including phosphorylated JNKs, mitogen-activated protein
kinase kinase 4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, Crk II,
Cas, and c-Src were also increased at the protein level. These values
returned to baseline by 1 week after drug treatment. These results are
discussed in terms of their support for a possible role of the
activation of the JNK/Jun pathway in the pathophysiological effects of
METH.
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