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Vol. 62, Issue 5, 1137-1146, November 2002
Section of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Adenosine activates four different receptors, the
A1, A2A, A2B, and the
A3 receptors, all of which are G protein-coupled. We have
previously shown that stimulation of the human adenosine A3
receptor can induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Here we show that the adenosine receptor agonist 5'
N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) induces
phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
cells expressing the human adenosine A3 receptor (CHO
A3 cells) with the same potency. Pretreatment with
pertussis toxin abolished the effect, which also could be blunted by
overexpressing the 
-sequestering peptide
-adrenergic receptor
kinase-ct, implicating the involvement of 
subunits released from
Gi/o proteins. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
(PI3K) by adenosine A3 receptors is inferred from a
dose-dependent Ser-phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (Akt).
Furthermore the ERK1/2 phosphorylation was sensitive to the PI3K
inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002
(2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride) and
the MEK inhibitor PD98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone), whereas
chelation of Ca2+ with
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic
acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester) and long-term treatment with
phorboldibutyrate did not decrease the adenosine A3
receptor-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, Ca2+
mobilization and conventional and novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are not involved in this pathway. The atypical PKC
was not
activated by NECA and thus not involved in the A3
receptor-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. NECA stimulation of CHO
A3 cells activated the small G protein Ras and the dominant
negative mutant RasS17N prevented the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In
conclusion, the adenosine A3 receptor recruits a pathway
that involves 
release from Gi/o, PI3K, Ras, and MEK
to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activation, whereas signaling is
independent of Ca2+, PKC, and c-Src.
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