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Vol. 63, Issue 1, 65-72, January 2003
Division of Human Retroviruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases
(X.W., T.N., M.O., M.B.), and Department of Cancer Chemotherapy,
Institute for Cancer Research (T.F., S.A.), Faculty of Medicine,
Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; and Division of Molecular
Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer
Research, Tokyo, Japan (Y.S.)
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a novel
member of ATP- binding cassette transporters, which induce multidrug resistance in cancer cells. We found that a high level of BCRP expression in CD4+ T cells conferred cellular resistance to
human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors. The cell line MT-4/DOX500 was
established through the long-term culture of MT-4 cells in the presence
of doxorubicin (DOX) and had reduced sensitivity to not only DOX but
also zidovudine (AZT). MT-4/DOX500 cells showed reduced
intracellular accumulation and retention of DOX and increased
ATP-dependent rhodamine 123 efflux. The cells were also resistant to
several anticancer agents such as mitoxantrone,
7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin, and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin. AZT was 7.5-fold less inhibitory to HIV-1 replication in MT-4/DOX500 cells than in
MT-4 cells. Furthermore, the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine was
severely impaired in MT-4/DOX500 cells. In contrast, the
antiviral activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
and protease inhibitors was not affected in the cells.
MT-4/DOX500 cells expressed glycosylated BCRP but not
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1, 2, or 4 (ABCC1,
-2, or -4), or lung resistance-related protein. In addition, the
BCRP-specific inhibitor fumitremorgin C completely abolished the
resistance of MT-4/DOX500 cells to AZT as well as to DOX.
An analysis for intracellular metabolism of AZT suggests that the
resistance is attributed to the increase of ATP-dependent efflux of its
metabolites, presumably AZT 5'-monophosphate, in
MT-4/DOX500 cells.
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