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Vol. 63, Issue 3, 766-772, March 2003
SAIC-Frederick Inc., Screening Technologies Branch, Laboratory of
Functional Genomics, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick,
Maryland (A.M., E.H., C.H., J.C.); and Developmental Therapeutics
Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (E.A.S.)
A candidate antitumor agent,
2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F-203), was
empirically discovered through the National Cancer Institute's
Anticancer Drug Screen from a unique growth inhibitory-response
profile, indicating a novel mechanism of action. 5F-203 activates the
CYP1 family of cytochrome P450, involving aryl hydrocarbon
receptor translocation into the nucleus. To characterize more
completely the pathways involved in 5F-203 toxicity, cDNA microarrays
were used to determine gene expression changes in MCF-7, a
5F-203-sensitive breast cancer cell line, after treatment with 1 µM
5F-203. The mRNA expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were both increased
approximately 20-fold after 24 h, but less after 6 h of
treatment, confirming previous results. However, the most pronounced
drug-induced change was in the PLAB gene, encoding one of the bone
morphogenic proteins in the transforming growth factor-
(TGF-
)
superfamily. Other induced gene expressions included the
apoptosis-initiating receptor TNFRSF6 (CD95/FAS), the DNA-damage
response genes CDKN1A (p21/Cip1), p53-induced gene-3, and DNA binding
protein 2. In contrast, the transcription factor c-Myc showed reduced
expression. Western blot analysis also showed induction of p53 protein
expression in response to 5F-203 treatment. In contrast to the MCF-7
data, MDA-MB-435, a cancer cell line resistant to 5F-203, showed no change in expression of any of these genes or the p53 protein under the
same conditions of 5F-203 treatment. These data are consistent with the
idea that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 activation leads to 5F-203 toxicity through
DNA damage-induced apoptosis, as well as signaling through a variant
member of the TGF-
superfamily.
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