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Vol. 63, Issue 5, 1169-1179, May 2003
The Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, California (M.Q., J.D.S.);
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colorado (P.W., S.E.M., M.J.M., A.C.C., S.R.G.); Department of
Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland (J.M.); and Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
Nigrostriatal damage leads to a reduction in striatal nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in rodents, monkeys, and patients with
Parkinson's disease. The present studies were undertaken to
investigate whether these nAChR declines are associated with alterations in striatal nAChR function and, if so, to identify the
receptor subtypes involved. To induce nigrostriatal damage, mice were
injected with the selective dopaminergic toxin
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We measured
[125I]3
-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2
-carboxylic acid
isopropyl ester (RTI-121, dopamine transporter),
125I-
-conotoxin MII (putative
6-containing
sites in the central nervous system), 125I-epibatidine
(multiple sites),
5-[125I]iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine-2HCl
([125I]A85380;
2-containing sites), and
125I-
-bungarotoxin (
7-containing sites) binding in
brains from control and MPTP-treated mice, as well as nAChR function by
[3H]dopamine release, [3H]GABA release, and
[86Rb+] efflux. After MPTP treatment,
declines were observed in striatal dopamine transporter levels, both
binding and functional measures of striatal
-conotoxin MII-sensitive
nAChRs, and selected measures of striatal
-conotoxin MII-resistant
nAChRs. In contrast, 125I-
-bungarotoxin binding sites
were not altered after nigrostriatal damage. The changes in striatal
nAChRs were selective, with no declines in cortex, thalamus, or septum.
Those striatal binding and functional measures of nAChRs that decreased
with MPTP treatment correlated with dopamine transporter declines, an
observation suggesting that the binding and functional changes in
nAChRs are limited to dopaminergic terminals. The present results are
the first to demonstrate differential alterations in nAChR subtype function after nigrostriatal damage, with a close correspondence between changes in receptor binding sites and function. These data
suggest that the declines in nAChR sites observed in Parkinson's disease brains may be of functional significance.
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