0026-895X/04/6506-1462-1474$20.00
Mol Pharmacol 65:1462-1474, 2004
Adenosine Receptor, Protein Kinase G, and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Up-Regulation of Serotonin Transporters Involves Both Transporter Trafficking and Activation
Chong-Bin Zhu,
William A. Hewlett,
Igor Feoktistov,
Italo Biaggioni
, and
Randy D. Blakely
Departments of Psychiatry (C.-B.Z., W.A.H.), Medicine (I.F., I.B.), and Pharmacology (I.B., R.D.B.), and Center for Molecular Neuroscience (R.D.B.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transporters (SERTs) are critical determinants of synaptic 5-HT inactivation and the targets for multiple drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders. In support of prior studies, we found that short-term (5-30 min) application of the adenosine receptor (AR) agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) induces an increase in 5-HT uptake Vmax in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cells that is enhanced by pretreatment with the cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil. NECA stimulation is blocked by the A3 AR antagonist 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-phenylethynyl-6-phenyl-1,4(±)dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS1191), by the phospholipase C inhibitor 1-(6-[[17
-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl] amino]hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122), by the intracellular Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, and by the guanyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one. Hydroxylamine, a nitric-oxide donor, and 8-bromo-cGMP, a membrane-permeant analog of cGMP, mimic the effects of NECA on 5-HT uptake, whereas the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor N-[2-(methylamino)ethy]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H8) blocks NECA, hydroxylamine, and 8-bromo-cGMP effects. NECA stimulation activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), whereas p38 MAPK inhibitors block NECA stimulation of SERT activity, as does the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor calyculin A. 5-HT-displaceable [125I]3
-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane-2
-carboxylic acid methylester tartrate (RTI-55) whole-cell binding is increased by NECA or sildenafil, and both surface binding and cell surface SERT protein are elevated after NECA or sildenafil stimulation of AR/SERT-cotransfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Whereas p38 MAPK inhibition blocks NECA stimulation of 5-HT activity, it fails to blunt stimulation of SERT surface density. Moreover, inactivation of existing surface SERTs fails to eliminate NECA stimulation of SERT. Together, these results reveal two PKG-dependent pathways supporting rapid SERT regulation by A3 ARs, one leading to enhanced SERT surface trafficking, and a separate, p38 MAPK-dependent process augmenting SERT intrinsic activity.
Received November 7, 2003;
accepted March 3, 2004.
Address correspondence to: Dr. Randy D. Blakely, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Suite 7140 MRBIII, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8548. E-mail: randy.blakely{at}vanderbilt.edu
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics