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Structural Determinants of HERG Channel Block by Clofilium and Ibutilide

University of Leicester, Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, Leicester, United Kingdom (M.P., J.M.); Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom (M.J.G., R.H., D.L.); and Departments of Pediatrics (M.T.F.) and Physiology and Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (M.C.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Block of human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) K⁺ channels by a variety of medications has been linked to acquired long QT syndrome, a disorder of cardiac repolarization that predisposes to lethal arrhythmias. The drug-binding site is composed of residues that face into the central cavity of the channel. Two aromatic residues located on the S6 domain (Tyr652 and Phe656) are particularly important structural determinants of drug block. The role of pore helix residues (Thr623, Ser624, Val625) is less clear. In this study, we compared the pharmacological properties of two structurally related compounds, ibutilide and clofilium. Both compounds are charged amines with a single phenyl ring. Clofilium, a chlorobenzene derivative, is a potent blocker of HERG channels, but has a remarkably slower time course for recovery from block than ibutilide, a methanesulfonanilide. The difference in the rate of recovery from block can be explained simply by variation in drug trapping. There is little recovery from clofilium block with D540K HERG channels that permit untrapping at hyperpolarized potentials. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the S6 domain and a portion of the pore helix revealed that the binding site residues were the same for both compounds. However, S624A, located at the base of the pore helix, was the only HERG mutation that enabled rapid recovery from clofilium block. In summary, the pore helix residues are important components of the HERG drug binding site, and may be particularly important for drugs with polar substituents, such as a halogen (e.g., clofilium) or a methanesulfonamide (e.g., ibutilide).

Received for publication March 4, 2004.

Accepted for publication April 26, 2004.

Address correspondence to: John Mitcheson, University of Leicester, Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom, E-mail: jm109{at}le.ac.uk

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