QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: mol.104.003350v1 66/6/1690    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hempel, N. Articles by Negishi, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hempel, N. Articles by Negishi, M.

The Human Sulfotransferase SULT1A1 Gene Is Regulated in a Synergistic Manner by Sp1 and GA Binding Protein

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (N.H., M.E.M.); Division of Drug Delivery and Disposition, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (H.W., E.L.L.); and Pharmacogenetics Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (N.H., M.N.)

Human sulfotransferase SULT1A1 is an important phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver and mediates the sulfonation of drugs, carcinogens, and steroids. Until this study, the transcriptional regulation of the SULT1A subfamily had been largely unexplored. Preliminary experiments in primary human hepatocytes showed that SULT1A mRNA levels were not changed in response to nuclear receptor activators, such as dexamethasone and 3-methylcolanthrene, unlike other metabolizing enzymes. Using HepG2 cells, the high activity of the TATA-less SULT1A1 promoter was shown to be dependent on the presence of Sp1 and Ets transcription factor binding sites (EBS), located within-112 nucleotides from the transcriptional start site. The homologous promoter of the closely related SULT1A3 catecholamine sulfotransferase, which is expressed at negligible levels in the adult liver, displayed 70% less activity than SULT1A1. This was shown to be caused by a two-base pair difference in the EBS. The Ets transcription factor GA binding protein (GABP) was shown to bind the SULT1A1 EBS and could transactivate the SULT1A1 promoter in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Cotransfection of Sp1 could synergistically enhance GABP-mediated activation by 10-fold. Although Sp1 and GABP alone could induce SULT1A3 promoter activity, the lack of the EBS on this promoter prevented a synergistic interaction between the two factors. This study reports the first insight into the transcriptional regulation of the SULT1A1 gene and identifies a crucial difference in regulation of the closely related SULT1A3 gene, which accounts for the two enzymes' differential expression patterns observed in the adult liver.

Received for publication May 31, 2004.

Accepted for publication September 16, 2004.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Michael E. McManus, Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia. E-mail: m.mcmanus{at}uq.edu.au

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C Alliende, Y-J Kwon, M Brito, C Molina, S Aguilera, P Perez, L Leyton, A F G Quest, U Mandel, E Veerman, et al. Reduced sulfation of muc5b is linked to xerostomia in patients with Sjogren syndrome Ann Rheum Dis, October 1, 2008; 67(10): 1480 - 1487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Takahashi, N. Hayashi, T. Shimokawa, N. Umehara, S. Kaminogawa, and C. Ra Cooperative Regulation of Fc Receptor {gamma}-Chain Gene Expression by Multiple Transcription Factors, Including Sp1, GABP, and Elf-1 J. Biol. Chem., May 30, 2008; 283(22): 15134 - 15141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Astanehe, D. Arenillas, W. W. Wasserman, P. C. K. Leung, S. E. Dunn, B. R. Davies, G. B. Mills, and N. Auersperg Mechanisms underlying p53 regulation of PIK3CA transcription in ovarian surface epithelium and in ovarian cancer J. Cell Sci., March 1, 2008; 121(5): 664 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Lakhman, X. Chen, V. Gonzalez-Covarrubias, E. G. Schuetz, and J. G. Blanco Functional Characterization of the Promoter of Human Carbonyl Reductase 1 (CBR1). Role of XRE Elements in Mediating the Induction of CBR1 by Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mol. Pharmacol., September 1, 2007; 72(3): 734 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gamage, A. Barnett, N. Hempel, R. G. Duggleby, K. F. Windmill, J. L. Martin, and M. E. McManus Human Sulfotransferases and Their Role in Chemical Metabolism Toxicol. Sci., March 1, 2006; 90(1): 5 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Duanmu, A. Weckle, S. B. Koukouritaki, R. N. Hines, J. L. Falany, C. N. Falany, T. A. Kocarek, and M. Runge-Morris Developmental Expression of Aryl, Estrogen, and Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferases in Pre- and Postnatal Human Liver J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2006; 316(3): 1310 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. T. Smith, R. D. Nicholls, and D. Reines The gene encoding the fragile X RNA-binding protein is controlled by nuclear respiratory factor 2 and the CREB family of transcription factors Nucleic Acids Res., February 25, 2006; 34(4): 1205 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]