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Bisindenoisoquinoline Bis-1,3-{(5,6-dihydro-5,11-diketo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline)-6-propylamino}propane bis(trifluoroacetate) (NSC 727357), a DNA Intercalator and Topoisomerase Inhibitor with Antitumor Activity

Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology (S.A., K.K.A., Z.-H.M., Y.P.), Biological Testing Branch (M.H.), Developmental Therapeutics Program, Information Technology Branch (S.L.H.), Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis (M.H.W., L.V.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.N., A.M., M.C.)

Indenoisoquinolines are topoisomerase (Top) I inhibitors developed to overcome some of the limitations of camptothecins and expand their anticancer spectrum. Bis-1,3-{(5,6-dihydro-5,11-diketo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline)-6-propylamino}-propane bis(trifluoroacetate) (NSC 727357) is a novel dimeric indenoisoquinoline derivative with potent antiproliferative activity in the NCI-60 cell line panel, promising hollow fiber activity (score of 32) and activity against xenografts. Submicromolar concentrations of the bisindenoisoquinoline NSC 727357 induce Top1 cleavage complexes at specific sites in biochemical assays. At higher concentrations, inhibition of Top1 catalytic activity and DNA intercalation is observed. NSC 727357 also induces a limited number of Top2-DNA cleavage complexes. In contrast to the effect of other Top1 inhibitors, cells treated with the bisindenoisoquinoline NSC 727357 show an arrest of cell cycle progression in G₁ with no significant inhibition of DNA synthesis after a short exposure to the drug. Moreover, unlike camptothecin and the indenoisoquinoline MJ-III-65 (NSC 706744, 6-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl]-5,6-dihydro-5,11-diketo-2,3-dimethoxy-(methylenedioxy)-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline hydrochloride), the cytotoxicity of bisindenoisoquinoline NSC 727357 is only partially dependent on Top1 and p53, indicating that this drug has additional targets besides Top1 and Top2.

Received for publication March 14, 2006.

Accepted for publication June 23, 2006.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Yves Pommier, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg. 37, Room 5068, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255. E-mail: pommier{at}nih.gov

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