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Molecular Pharmacology, Vol 9, 736-747, Copyright © 1973 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase and Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry,
Rochester, New York 14642
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, an extremely potent toxin and teratogen formed
during the commercial synthesis of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, is a
potent inducer of 
-aminolevulinic acid synthetase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in
chick embryo liver. The induction of hydroxylase activity is more sensitive to low doses of
the toxin than is the induction of -aminolevulinic acid synthetase; 2-fold induction is
produced by 1.55 pmoles/egg (0.5 ng), and maximal induction by 155 pmoles/egg. Coordinate expression of the two enzymes is also dissociable by the administration of cycloheximide, which selectively inhibits induction of the synthetase. Fifteen halogenated
dibenzo-p-dioxins were screened for their ability to induce the two enzymes, and a well-defined structure-activity relationship emerged; all the congeners that induced both enzymes
had halogen atoms at a minimum of three of the four lateral ring positions and contained
at least one nonhalogenated ring position. There is a perfect correspondence between the
whole animal toxicity data on the dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners and their ability to induce
both enzymes.
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