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Received for publication August 18, 2004.
Revised August 18, 2004.
Accepted for publication August 18, 2004.
A number of class C G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to form dimers in the plasma membrane, and mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that many, if not all, class A rhodopsin-like receptors, also from dimers or higher-order oligomers. Evidence for this hypothesis has come from SDS-PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, resonance energy transfer, atomic force microscopy, and cross-linking studies, approaches that are reviewed in this article. Like any method, each has its strengths and limitations, and these must be kept in mind while interpreting the data for oligomerization. Recent experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that class A receptors may exist as higher-order oligomers or even as arrays, with distinct symmetrical interfaces in both the first and fourth transmembrane segments.
Key words:
Adrenergic, Dopamine, GABAB, Structure determinations, Structure-activity relationships and modeling, Fluorescence techniques, X-ray crystallography
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