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Received for publication October 19, 2004.
Revised December 18, 2004.
Accepted for publication December 20, 2004.
/ retinoid X receptor (RXR) pathway
Nuclear receptors play important roles in the maintenance of the endocrine system, regulation of organ differentiation, and fetal development. Endocrine disruptors exert their adverse effects by disrupting the endocrine system via various mechanisms. To assess the effects of endocrine disruptors on nuclear receptors, we developed a high-throughput method for identifying activators of nuclear receptors. Using this system, we found that triphenyltin and tributyltin were activators of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) 
and retinoid X receptor. Because PPAR is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, we assessed the effect of organotin compounds on preadipocyte, 3T3-L1 cells. We found that organotin compounds stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells as well as expression of adipocyte marker genes.
Key words:
Sex hormones, PPARs, Receptor binding studies, Regulation - transcriptional, Protein targets, Cholesterol metabolism/lipoproteins
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