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Received for publication October 7, 2005.
Revised December 23, 2005.
Accepted for publication January 13, 2006.
Despite advances in the understanding of pathways regulated by the G12 family of heterotrimeric G proteins, much regarding the engagement of this family by receptors remains unclear. We explore here, using the thromboxane A2 receptor TP
, the ability of G12 and G13 to report differences in the potency and efficacy of receptor ligands. We were interested especially in the potential of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2
(8-iso-PGF2
), among other ligands examined, to activate G12 and G13 through TP
explicitly. We were also interested in the functionality of TP
·G
fusion proteins germane to G12 and G13. Using fusion proteins in Sf9 cells and independently expressed proteins in HEK293 cells, and using [35S]GTP
S-binding to evaluate G
activation directly, we found for G
13 that no ligand tested, including 8-iso-PGF2
and a purported antagonist (pinane thromboxane A2), was silent. The activity of agonists was especially pronounced when evaluated for TP
·G
13 and in the context of receptor reserve. Agonist activity for 8-iso-PGF2
was diminished, and that for pinane thromboxane A2 nonexistent, when G
12 was the reporter. These data establish that G12 and G13 can report differentially potency and efficacy, and they underscore the relevance of receptor and G protein
context.
Key words:
Prostanoid, G12,13;other G's, G protein regulation
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