Binding Pockets of the β1- and β2-Adrenergic Receptors for Subtype-Selective Agonists
- Masafumi Isogaya1,1,
- Yoshiyuki Sugimoto1,
- Ryuji Tanimura2,
- Rie Tanaka1,
- Hideo Kikkawa2,1,
- Taku Nagao1 and
- Hitoshi Kurose1
- 1Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (M.I., Y.S., Ri.T., H.Ki., T.N., H.Ku.); 2Toray Industries, Inc., Basic Research Laboratories, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan (Ry.T.)
Abstract
We examined the subtype-selective binding site of the β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). The β1/β2-chimeric receptors showed the importance of the second and seventh transmembrane domains (TM2 and TM7) of the β2AR for the binding of the β2-selective agonists such as formoterol and procaterol. Alanine-substituted mutants of TM7 of the β2AR showed that Tyr308, located at the top of TM7, mainly contributed to β2 selectivity. However, Tyr308 interacted with formoterol and procaterol in two different ways. The results of Ala- and Phe-substituted mutants indicated that the phenyl group of Tyr308 interacted with the phenyl group in the N-substituent of formoterol (hydrophobic interaction), and the hydroxyl group of Tyr308 interacted with the protonated amine of procaterol (hydrophilic interaction). In contrast to β2AR, TM2 is a major determinant that β1-selective agonists such as denopamine and T-0509 bound the β1AR with high affinity. Three amino acids (Leu110, Thr117, and Val120) in TM2 of the β1AR were identified as major determinants for β1-selective binding of these agonists. Three-dimensional models built on the basis of the predicted structure of rhodopsin showed that Tyr308 of the β2AR covered the binding pocket formed by TM2 and TM7 from the upper side, and Thr117 of the β1AR located in the middle of the binding pocket to provide a hydrogen bonding for the β1-selective agonists. These data indicate that TM2 and TM7 of the βAR formed the binding pocket that binds the βAR subtype-selective agonists with high affinity.
Footnotes
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Send reprint requests to: Hitoshi Kurose, Ph.D., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7–3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. E-mail:kurose{at}mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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↵1 Current address: Toray Industries, Inc., Basic Research Laboratories, 1111 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan.
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↵2 Current address: Lead Optimization Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan.
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This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan (to T.N.) and the Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (to H. Kurose).
- Abbreviations:
- βAR
- β-adrenergic receptor
- TM
- transmembrane domain
- CYP
- cyanopindolol
- CH
- chimera
- WT
- wild type
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- Received May 27, 1999.
- Accepted July 22, 1999.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
