Agonist-Dependent Delivery of M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors to the Cell Surface after Pertussis Toxin Treatment
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
Abstract
The internalization of the M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) proceeds through an atypical pathway that is independent of arrestin and clathrin function and shows a unique sensitivity to dynamin when the receptor is expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In this report we demonstrate that the internalization of the M2 mAChR was modulated by activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, because treatment with pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates G proteins of the Gi/o family, caused a significant delay in the onset of internalization of the M2 mAChR. The effects of pertussis toxin could not be explained by alteration of the agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the M2 mAChR. The modulation of internalization by pertussis toxin was revealed to be due to recruitment of intracellular receptors to the cell surface upon agonist treatment. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin also greatly increased both the rate and extent of recovery of M2 mAChRs to the cell surface after agonist-mediated internalization. These results demonstrate a novel aspect involved in the regulation of GPCRs. As with the tightly controlled internalization of GPCRs, the delivery of GPCRs to the cell surface is also highly regulated.
Footnotes
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Send reprint requests to: M. Marlene Hosey, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Ave-S215, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail: mhosey{at}northwestern.edu
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This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HL50121 (M.M.H.) and a National Research Service Award (predoctoral fellowship) T32-GM08061 (A.G.R.).
- Abbreviations:
- GPCR
- G protein-coupled receptor
- mAChR
- muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- NMS
- N-methyl scopolamine
- QNB
- quinuclidinyl benzilate
- PBCM
- propylbenzilylcholine mustard
- TRITC
- tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
- FITC
- fluorescein isothiocyanate
- DMEM
- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- CCh
- carbachol
- TBS
- Tris-buffered saline
- GIRK
- G protein-regulated inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- GRK
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase
- PAR
- protease activated receptor
- HEK
- human embryonic kidney
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- Received September 29, 2000.
- Accepted January 16, 2001.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
