Abstract
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) often coexist within the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) membrane and coordinate precise spatial and temporal coding of Ca2+ signals in most animal cells. Xestospongin C (XeC) was shown to selectively block IP3-induced Ca2+ release and IP3R-mediated signaling (Gafni et al., 1997). We have further studied the specificity of xestospongin structures possessing ring hydroxyl (-OH) substituents toward IP3R, RyR, and ER/SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activities. XeC potently inhibits IP3R, weakly inhibits RyR1, and lacks activity toward SERCA1 and SERCA2. XeD (9-OH XeC), 7-OH-XeA, and araguspongin C isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia species also inhibit IP3-mediated Ca2+ release and lack activity toward SERCA. However, these hydroxylated derivatives possess a unique activity in that they enhance Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from SR vesicles by a mechanism involving the sensitization of RyR1 channels within the same concentration range needed to block IP3-induced Ca2+ release. These results show that xestospongins and related structures lack direct SERCA inhibitory activity, as suggested by some previous studies. A new finding is that XeD and related structures possessing a hydroxylated oxaquinolizidine ring are IP3R blockers that also enhance Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mediated by RyRs. In intact cells, the actions of XeD are blocked by ryanodine pretreatment and do not interfere with thapsigargin-mediated Ca2+ mobilization stemming from SERCA block. Hydroxylated bis-oxaquinolizadine derivatives isolated from Xestospongia species are novel bifunctional reagents that may be useful in ascertaining how IP3Rs and RyRs contribute to cell signaling.
- Received September 19, 2005.
- Accepted October 21, 2005.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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