Abstract
We hypothesized that lacosamide modulates voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) at clinical concentrations (32-100 μM). Lacosamide reduced spiking evoked in cultured rat cortical neurons by 30-s depolarizing ramps but not by 1-s ramps. Carbamazepine and phenytoin reduced spike-firing induced by both ramps. Lacosamide inhibited sustained repetitive firing during a 10-s burst but not within the first second. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive VGSC currents in N1E-115 cells were reduced by 100 μM lacosamide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenytoin from Vh of -60 mV. Hyperpolarization (500 ms) to -100 mV removed the block by carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenytoin but not by lacosamide. The voltage-dependence of activation was not changed by lacosamide. The inactive S-stereoisomer did not inhibit VGSCs. Steady-state fast inactivation curves were shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction by carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenytoin but not at all by lacosamide. Lacosamide did not retard recovery from fast inactivation in contrast to carbamazepine. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenytoin but not lacosamide all produced frequency-dependent facilitation of block of a 3-s, 10-Hz pulse train. Lacosamide shifted the slow inactivation voltage curve in the hyperpolarizing direction and significantly promoted the entry of channels into the slow inactivated state (carbamazepine weakly impaired entry into the slow inactivated state) without altering the rate of recovery. Lacosamide is the only analgesic/anticonvulsant drug that reduces VGSC availability by selective enhancement of slow inactivation but without apparent interaction with fast inactivation gating. The implications of this unique profile are being explored in phase III clinical trials for epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
Footnotes
-
The Otago project (consumables and electrophysiological apparatus) and A.C.E.'s studentship was funded by Schwarz BioSciences GmbH, Monheim, Germany. LCM and SPM 6953 were supplied by Schwarz Pharma GmbH (Monheim, Germany).
-
Some of the data presented here have been published previously in abstracts form: Epilepsia47 (Suppl 3):84-85, 2006.
-
These findings were presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, November 2007.
-
ABBREVIATIONS: LCM, lacosamide, R-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide; CBZ, carbamazepine; DPH, phenytoin; LTG, lamotrigine; SRF, sustained repetitive firing; VGSC, voltage-gated sodium channel; MES, maximal electroshock seizure; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; DIV, days in vitro; TTX, tetrodotoxin; AP, action potential; SNC80, (+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide; MK-801, 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (dizo-cilpine maleate); 4-AP, 4-aminopyridine; SPM 6953, (S)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide.
- Received July 10, 2007.
- Revision received October 15, 2007.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
MolPharm articles become freely available 12 months after publication, and remain freely available for 5 years.Non-open access articles that fall outside this five year window are available only to institutional subscribers and current ASPET members, or through the article purchase feature at the bottom of the page.
|