PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mackie, K
AU  - Devane, W A
AU  - Hille, B
TI  - Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N18 neuroblastoma cells.
DP  - 1993 Sep 01
TA  - Molecular Pharmacology
PG  - 498--503
VI  - 44
IP  - 3
4099  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/44/3/498.short
4100  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/44/3/498.full
SO  - Mol Pharmacol1993 Sep 01; 44
AB  - Anandamide (arachidonyl ethanolamide) has been identified as an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors on the basis of its ability to displace 3H-labeled synthetic cannabinoid in a binding assay. One well characterized cellular action of cannabinoids is inhibition of hormonally stimulated adenylyl cyclase. Another action of synthetic cannabinoids is potent, stereospecific, and reversible inhibition of N-type calcium currents (ICa) in the NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cell line via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive pathway, independently of cAMP metabolism. Here we used the N18 neuroblastoma cell line and the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to show that anandamide also potently inhibits N-type ICa in a PTX-sensitive fashion. As with the cannabinomimetic aminoalkylindole WIN 55,212-2, inhibition by anandamide was voltage dependent and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive. However, anandamide was less efficacious than either WIN 55,212-2 or the nonclassical cannabinoid CP 55,940. Indeed, anandamide appears to act as a partial agonist at the cannabinoid receptor. Application of WIN 55,212-2 always caused further inhibition of ICa in cells exposed to a maximally effective concentration of anandamide, and application of anandamide always caused a partial recovery of ICa in cells exposed to a maximally effective concentration of WIN 55,212-2. This partial agonist property of anandamide suggests that, although anandamide inhibits N-type ICa via a PTX-sensitive G protein, its action as a neuromodulator in the intact animal may be more complex than would be inferred by extrapolating the results of in vivo studies with (-)-delta 9-tetra-hydrocannabinol or synthetic cannabinoids.