PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Guermonprez, Lydie
AU  - Ducrocq, Claire
AU  - Gaudry-Talarmain, Yvette Morot
TI  - Inhibition of Acetylcholine Synthesis and Tyrosine Nitration Induced by Peroxynitrite Are Differentially Prevented by Antioxidants
DP  - 2001 Oct 01
TA  - Molecular Pharmacology
PG  - 838--846
VI  - 60
IP  - 4
4099  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/60/4/838.short
4100  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/60/4/838.full
SO  - Mol Pharmacol2001 Oct 01; 60
AB  - Evidence of an overload of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite, a derivative of nitric oxide, in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggests that peroxynitrite could impair cholinergic functions. Because of the impossibility of obtaining synaptosomes from vertebrate neuromuscular junctions, we used cholinergic synaptosomes purified fromTorpedo marmorata electroneurons to characterize the defects triggered by peroxynitrite in more detail. Addition of peroxynitrite or its donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine abolished high-affinity choline uptake and synthesis of acetylcholine from acetate. T. marmorata choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was impaired to the same extent as bovine brain ChAT. A hallmark of peroxynitrite action is the nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins. Peroxynitrite induced a concentration-dependent appearance of nitrotyrosines in several neuronal proteins from synaptosomes and, more readily, from synaptic vesicles. Peroxynitrite also triggered tyrosine nitrations in purified ChAT. Peroxynitrite-dependent nitrations were impaired when synaptosomes were pretreated with thioreductants (glutathione, N-acetyl cysteine, dithiothreitol) or antioxidants (uric acid, melatonin, bovine serum albumin, desferrioxamine). Deleterious effects of peroxynitrite on choline transport and ChAT activity were prevented by the thioreductants but only partially by the antioxidants, suggesting a mechanism other than tyrosine nitration, which may involve cysteine oxidation. Further development of protective agents acting on choline transport and on ChAT activity may offer interesting therapeutic possibilities with respect to cholinergic dysfunction occurring in neurodegenerative diseases. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics