RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Revisiting an Old Antimicrobial Drug: Amphotericin B Induces Interleukin-1–Converting Enzyme as the Main Factor for Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase Expression in Activated Endothelia
JF Molecular Pharmacology
JO Mol Pharmacol
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 936
OP 946
DO 10.1124/mol.62.4.936
VO 62
IS 4
A1 Suschek, Christoph Viktor
A1 Bonmann, Eckhard
A1 Kapsokefalou, Anna
A1 Hemmrich, Karsten
A1 Kleinert, Hartmut
A1 Förstermann, Ulrich
A1 Kröncke, Klaus-Dietrich
A1 Mahotka, Csaba
A1 Kolb-Bachofen, Victoria
YR 2002
UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/62/4/936.abstract
AB We have investigated the impact of the widely used antifungal agent Amphotericin B (AmB) on cytokine activated aortic endothelial cells (AEC) and their inflammatory response as monitored by cytokine and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) expression as well as high-output nitric oxide synthesis. Because both blood-borne infections and systemically administered drugs will first encounter vessel lining endothelial cells, this cell type represents an important participant in innate immune reactions against xenobiotics. Culturing cytokine-activated AEC in the presence of 1.25 μg/ml AmB, a concentration equivalent to serum levels during patient treatment, we find increases in iNOS promoter activity up to 120%, in iNOS mRNA or protein expressions by factors of up to 3.5 ± 1.1, and in iNOS activity of up to 180% compared with cells with cytokines only. In parallel, a strong increase in endothelial interleukin (IL)-1β–converting enzyme (ICE) and IL-1β expression and activity was observed. Specific inhibition of ICE activity or IL-1β functionality significantly reduces expression and activity of the iNOS to control values. Because ICE activity is essential for the endogenous synthesis of active IL-1β, ICE overexpression represents the key signal in the AmB-induced and IL-1β–mediated effects on iNOS activity. In summary, in endothelial cells, AmB strongly augments cytokine-induced iNOS expression and activity by increasing the expression and activity of the ICE. This adjuvant activity for augmented endogenous cytokine processing adds to the efficacy of the antimycotic activity of AmB. Furthermore, our data underline the relevance of the endothelial iNOS as a potent effector of the innate immune system.