PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gardner, Olivia S.
AU  - Dewar, Brian J.
AU  - Graves, Lee M.
TI  - Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Ligands: An Example of Nongenomic Signaling
AID  - 10.1124/mol.105.012260
DP  - 2005 Oct 01
TA  - Molecular Pharmacology
PG  - 933--941
VI  - 68
IP  - 4
4099  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/68/4/933.short
4100  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/68/4/933.full
SO  - Mol Pharmacol2005 Oct 01; 68
AB  - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors to regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis. In addition to their ability to promote gene transcription in a PPAR-dependent manner, ligands for this receptor family have recently been shown to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. It is noteworthy that the transcriptional changes induced by PPAR ligands can be separated into distinct PPAR- and MAPK-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that MAPKs alone mediate some of the effects of PPAR agonists in a nongenomic manner. This review will highlight recent studies that elucidate the nongenomic mechanisms of PPAR ligand-induced MAPK phosphorylation. The potential relevance of MAPK signaling in PPAR biology is also discussed.