RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Receptor-Mediated Activation of Heterotrimeric G-Proteins: Current Structural Insights JF Molecular Pharmacology JO Mol Pharmacol FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 219 OP 230 DO 10.1124/mol.107.034348 VO 72 IS 2 A1 Christopher A. Johnston A1 David P. Siderovski YR 2007 UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/72/2/219.abstract AB G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as catalytic activators of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβγ) by exchanging GTP for the bound GDP on the Gα subunit. This guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of GPCRs is the initial step in the G-protein cycle and determines the onset of various intracellular signaling pathways that govern critical physiological responses to extracellular cues. Although the structural basis for many steps in the G-protein nucleotide cycle have been made clear over the past decade, the precise mechanism for receptor-mediated G-protein activation remains incompletely defined. Given that these receptors have historically represented a set of rich drug targets, a more complete understanding of their mechanism of action should provide further avenues for drug discovery. Several models have been proposed to explain the communication between activated GPCRs and Gαβγ leading to the structural changes required for guanine nucleotide exchange. This review is focused on the structural biology of G-protein signal transduction with an emphasis on the current hypotheses regarding Gαβγ activation. We highlight several recent results shedding new light on the structural changes in Gα that may underlie GDP release.