RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Trichostatin A Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β–Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Myofibroblast Differentiation via Enhanced NF-E2-Related Factor 2-Antioxidant Response Element Signaling JF Molecular Pharmacology JO Mol Pharmacol FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 671 OP 680 DO 10.1124/mol.112.081059 VO 83 IS 3 A1 Lingling Yang A1 Mingli Qu A1 Yao Wang A1 Haoyun Duan A1 Peng Chen A1 Ye Wang A1 Weiyun Shi A1 Patrik Danielson A1 Qingjun Zhou YR 2013 UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/83/3/671.abstract AB Trichostatin A (TSA) has been shown to prevent fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed at investigating the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by TSA on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced myofibroblast differentiation of corneal fibroblasts in vitro. Human immortalized corneal fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β in the presence of TSA, the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), the NF-E2–related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) activator sulforaphane, or small interfering RNA. Myofibroblast differentiation was assessed by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, F-actin bundle formation, and collagen gel contraction. ROS, H2O2, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, cellular total antioxidant capacity, and the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling were determined with various assays. Treatment with TSA and the Nrf2-ARE activator resulted in increased inhibition of the TGF-β–induced myofibroblast differentiation as compared with treatment with DPI or NAC. Furthermore, TSA also decreased cellular ROS and H2O2 accumulation induced by TGF-β, whereas it elevated intracellular GSH level and cellular total antioxidant capacity. In addition, TSA induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated the expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes, whereas Nrf2 knockdown by RNA interference blocked the inhibition of TSA on myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence implicating that TSA inhibits TGF-β–induced ROS accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation via enhanced Nrf2-ARE signaling.