PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chetan B Patel
AU  - Nabila Noor
AU  - Howard A Rockman
TI  - Functional selectivity in adrenergic and angiotensin signaling systems
AID  - 10.1124/mol.110.067066
DP  - 2010 Jan 01
TA  - Molecular Pharmacology
PG  - mol.110.067066
4099  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2010/09/20/mol.110.067066.short
4100  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2010/09/20/mol.110.067066.full
AB  - Beta-adrenergic and angiotensin II type 1A receptors are therapeutic targets for the treatment of a number of common human diseases. Pharmacological agents designed as antagonists for these receptors have positively impacted the morbidity and mortality of patients with hypertension, heart failure and renal disease. Antagonism of these receptors, however, may only partially explain the therapeutic benefits of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers given the emerging concept of functional selectivity or biased agonism. This new pharmacological paradigm suggests multiple signaling pathways can be modified by a single ligand-receptor interaction. This review examines the functional selectivity of beta-adrenergic and angiotensin II type 1A receptors with respect to their ability to signal via both G protein-dependent and G protein-independent mechanisms, with a focus on the multifunctional protein β-arrestin. Also highlighted are the concept of "biased signaling" through β-arrestin mediated pathways, the impact of ligand/receptor modification on such biased agonism, and the implications of functional selectivity for the development of the next generation of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers.