TY - JOUR T1 - Preclinical Evaluation of DMA, a Bisbenzimidazole as Radioprotector: Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution Studies in Balb/c Mice JF - Molecular Pharmacology JO - Mol Pharmacol DO - 10.1124/mol.115.098376 SP - mol.115.098376 AU - Hemlata Nimesh AU - Vinod Tiwari AU - Chunhua Yang AU - Sushma R Gundala AU - Krishna Chuttani AU - Puja P Hazari AU - Anil K Mishra AU - Abhisheak Sharma AU - Jawahar Lal AU - Anju Katyal AU - Ritu Aneja AU - Vibha Tandon Y1 - 2015/01/01 UR - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/03/mol.115.098376.abstract N2 - Radiotherapy, a therapeutic modality of cancer treatment, non-selectively damages normal tissues over tumor tissue as well. A continuous search is going on for the development of therapeutic agents, which selectively reduce radiation induced normal tissue injury without reducing tumoricidal effect, thereby increasing therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy. Our laboratory established 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[2'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5'benzimidazolyl] benzimi-dazole (DMA) as non-cytotoxic radioprotector in mammalian cells. DMA showed an excellent radioprotection in mice at single nontoxic oral dose by a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.28. ORAC assay confirmed its free radical quenching ability. Single bolus dose and 28-days repeated administration of DMA in mice for toxicity studies determined LD50 of >2000 mg/kg bw and 225 mg/kg bw respectively, suggesting DMA is safe. Histopathology, biochemical parameters and relative organ weight analysis revealed insignificant changes in DMA treated animals. Pharmacokinetic study of DMA at oral and intravenous doses showed its Cmax = 1h, bioavailability of 8.84%, elimination half-life of 4h and an enterohepatic recirculation. Biodistribution study in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) bearing mice showed that 99mTc-DMA achieved highest concentration in 1h and retained upto 4h in lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen, and in a low concentration in tumor, a solicited property of any radioprotector to protect normal cells over cancerous cells. We observed that single dose treatment of tumor bearing mice with DMA 2h prior to 8 Gy TBI, showed an impressive rescue of radiation induced morbidity, in terms of weight loss and mortality, without a change in tumor response. ER -