Tissue protection and repair by adenosine receptors
| Receptor | Tissue Response | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Increase in oxygen supply/demand ratio | ||
| A2A, A2B | Vasodilation | Belardinelli et al., 1998; Ngai et al., 2001 |
| A1 | Decreased heart rate | Dhalla et al., 2003 |
| Decreased neuronal activity | Dunwiddie and Masino, 2001 | |
| Decreased sympathetic nerve activity | Burgdorf et al., 2005a | |
| Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning | ||
| A1, A3 | Preconditioning | De et al., 2002b |
| A2A? | Postconditioning | Zhao et al., 2003 |
| Anti-Inflammatory Responses | ||
| A2A | Heart | Lasley et al., 2001; Glover et al., 2004 |
| A2A | Kidney | Day et al., 2003 |
| Liver | Ohta and Sitkovsky, 2001; Day et al., 2004 | |
| Spinal cord | Reece et al., 2004 | |
| Skin | Peirce et al., 2001 | |
| Lung | Ross et al., 1999 | |
| Angiogenesis | ||
| A2A | Decreased endothelial cell thrombospondin | Desai et al., 2005 |
| A1 | Chorioallantoic membrane | Linden et al., 2003 |
| A2B | Increase endothelial cell release of angiogenic factors | Feoktistov et al., 2002 |
| A2B, A3 | Increased mast cell release of angiogenic factors | Feoktistov et al., 2003 |