TABLE 2

Transcriptional profile in protease inhibitor-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with protease inhibitors for 24 h under conditions used in the lipid synthesis assays. RNA from triplicate cell incubations was used for gene expression profiles conducted using Affymetrix protocols. All genes with significant changes in expression for one or more of the treatments are included in the table. Data are expressed as mean mRNA concentration ratio of treated/control for 30 μM atazanavir, 30 μM ritonavir, and nelfinavir 10 μM. Results are grouped by gene function.

Accession No. Genes 30 μM Atazanavir 30 μM Lopinavir 10 μM Nelfinavir
Transcription factors
    U19118 ATF3 2.80 7.83* 4.17*
    X67083 GADD153, C/EBP homologous protein-10 2.37 3.82* 3.93*
    X51829 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 116 2.41* 3.68* 3.33*
    AI852641 Nuclear protein 1 2.17* 2.26* 2.62*
    U00937 GADD45 1.80 2.88* 2.42*
    X89749 TGIF, target gene interacting fact or 1.62 2.45* 2.16
    M94087 ATF4 1.45* 1.46* 1.66*
    U10374 PPAR-γ 0.67* 0.59* 0.56*
    AI843895 SREBP-1c 0.76 0.63 0.78
    M62362 C/EBP-α 0.76 0.48* 0.55*
    AI834866 Nuclear receptor coactivator-4 0.74 0.60 0.58*
ER stress response and signaling pathways
    AI843119 Glutathione S-transferase ω 1 1.27 1.44* 1.72*
    U53208 HSP40, DnaJ homolog, subfamily C, member 2 1.31 1.80* 1.51
    L02914 Aquaporin-1 0.53 0.39 0.23*
    AF077659 Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 0.64 0.37* 0.35*
Amino acid and protein metabolism
    U40930 Sequestosome 1 (binds ubiquitinylated proteins) 1.77* 2.65* 2.41*
    U95053 Glutamate-cysteine ligase, regulatory subunit 1.39 2.16 1.94
    AI851163 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1.39 1.67* 1.78*
    AI837395 Seryl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 1 1.45 1.69* 1.60
    AI839158 Proteasome 26S subunit-8 1.25 1.80* 1.25
    AI836804 Proteasome subunit, α type 1 0.72 0.46* 0.41*
Lipid metabolism, adipogenesis
    AF003348 NPC1 1.68 3.27* 2.68*
    AB033887 Fatty acyl-coenzyme A ligase, long chain 4 1.46 2.03* 2.36*
    AA718169 Resistin 0.52* 0.31* 0.23*
    Z48670 Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA transporter, ABC-D2 0.54 0.34 0.24*
    U15977 Fatty acyl CoA ligase, long chain 2 0.54 0.31 0.27*
    X72862 β-3 Adrenergic receptor 0.62 0.34* 0.30*
    M61737 FSP27, fat-specific gene 27 kDa 0.67 0.31* 0.31*
    M91458 Sterol carrier protein 2 0.67 0.31* 0.34*
    X13135 FAS 0.61 0.39 0.38*
    X95279 Spot14 gene (adipogenic marker, SREBP-regulated) 0.61* 0.35* 0.41*
    AV290060 Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 1, cytoplasmic 0.63 0.42 0.45*
    U37799 SRB1, scavenger receptor B1 0.74 0.48 0.44*
    U69543 HSL, hormone sensitive lipase 0.75 0.36* 0.45*
    X83202 Hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 0.64* 0.49* 0.46*
    AI747654 Caveolin, caveolae protein, 22 kDa 0.62* 0.46* 0.47*
    AF045887 Angiotensinogen 0.76 0.58* 0.52*
    M69260 Annexin A1 0.73 0.57 0.47*
    U07159 Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain 0.73 0.56 0.53*
    AF078752 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 0.78 0.58* 0.53*
    U49915 Adiponectin 0.73* 0.54* 0.57*
    AF057368 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase 0.88 0.60 0.53*
    X04673 Adipsin 0.79 0.66* 0.69*
Glucose and gluconeogenesis
    X98848 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 0.44 0.41 0.23*
    AF009605 PEPCK 0.49 0.23* 0.28*
    AF020039 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble 0.62* 0.51 0.45*
    AI846739 Glycogen phosphorylase 0.67* 0.54* 0.50*

  • ↵* Significant differences from control, p < 0.01.