TABLE 1

Flow cytometry analysis of annexin V/propidium iodide in HaCaT cells after ligand activation of PPARβ/δ

HaCaT cells were treated in triplicate for the indicated times with the indicated concentration of ligand in the presence (top) or absence (bottom) of culture medium serum. Values (mean ± S.E.M.) with different letters in each column are significantly different, P < 0.05, as determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. Early apoptosis was defined as the percentage of cells that were annexin V-positive and propidium iodide-negative, and late apoptosis/necrosis was defined as the percentage of cells that were annexin V-negative and propidium iodide-positive.

48 h
72 h
GW0742
Early Apoptosis
Late Apoptosis
Early Apoptosis
Late Apoptosis
%
+ Serum
Vehicle 2.6 ± 0.1a 0.4 ± 0.1a 4.0 ± 0.5a 0.6 ± 0.2a
0.1 μM 4.5 ± 0.4b 0.3 ± 0.1a 3.7 ± 0.2a 0.5 ± 0.1a
1.0 μM 5.6 ± 0.2c 0.4 ± 0.1a 3.6 ± 0.5a 0.9 ± 0.4a
10.0 μM 6.8 ± 0.3d 0.5 ± 0.0a 3.4 ± 0.4a 0.5 ± 0.1a
− Serum
Vehicle 1.1 ± 0.2a 0.9 ± 0.3a 1.3 ± 0.1a 0.2 ± 0.0a
0.1 μM 1.1 ± 0.2a 0.6 ± 0.1a 1.6 ± 0.3a 0.2 ± 0.1a
1.0 μM 1.1 ± 0.1a 0.5 ± 0.0a 1.6 ± 0.2a 0.2 ± 0.0a
10.0 μM
0.8 ± 0.2a
0.4 ± 0.2a
2.4 ± 0.5b
0.6 ± 0.2a