Calculation of bias factors for norepinephrine and epinephrine at the α1A-AR
LogTR is the log of the transduction ratio (τ/KA), and logTRn values are normalized to the logTR for norepinephrine. To avoid propagation of error due to multiple data manipulation steps, Student's t tests were carried out on the raw logTR data rather than data normalized to norepinephrine (see Supplemental Table 1). P < 0.05 was considered significant.