Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Regular ArticleNitric Oxide Synthase Induces Macrophage Death by Apoptosis
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2018, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Apoptosis is a cellular mechanism that leads to different morphological and biochemical changes, such as caspase activation, ROS level increase, chromatin condensation, nucleosomal degradation and cell shrinkage (Forbes-Hernández et al., 2014). Many studies have demonstrated that LPS treatment is able to induce apoptosis in several cell types, including macrophages, by the secretion of TNFα and NO and the activation of different molecular pathways (Albina et al., 1993; Sarih et al., 1993; Murray et al., 1997; Xaus et al., 2000). For example, in macrophages and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells LPS has been shown to activate different caspases (Russe et al., 2014; Shioiri et al., 2009; Chakravortty et al., 2001), that in turn stimulate a series of MAP kinases, such as p-Erk1/2 and p38, involved in the promotion of inflammation (Ajizian et al., 1999; Carter et al., 1999 Heitmeier et al., 1998).
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