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Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress II pp 311–326Cite as

Characterization of the Antioxidant Properties of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (PETN)-Induction of the Intrinsic Antioxidative System Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1)

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 594))

Abstract

Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the chronic therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practise, our understanding of their mechanism of action and of their side effects remains incomplete. To date, the most commonly employed nitrates are isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), and nitroglycerin (GTN). Another nitrate, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), has long been employed in eastern European countries and is currently being reintroduced also in western countries. So far, PETN is the only organic nitrate in clinical use, which is devoid of induction of oxidative stress and related side-effects such as endothelial dysfunction and nitrate tolerance. Some of these effects are related to special pharmacokinetics of PETN, but upon chronic administration, PETN also induces antioxidative pathways at the genomic level, resulting in increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ferritin, both possessing highly protective properties. There is good experimental evidence that at least part of the beneficial profile of long-term PETN treatment is based on activation of the heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the German Research Foundation for continuous funding of our ongoing research on nitrate tolerance (SFB 553-C17 to T.M. and A.D.) and the University Hospital Mainz for financial support (MAIFOR to A.D.).

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  1. II. Medizinische Klinik, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

    Andreas Daiber & Thomas Münzel

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  1. Andreas Daiber
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  2. Thomas Münzel
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Correspondence to Andreas Daiber .

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  1. Golden Leaf Rd. 215, Mars Hill, 28754, USA

    Donald Armstrong

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Daiber, A., Münzel, T. (2010). Characterization of the Antioxidant Properties of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (PETN)-Induction of the Intrinsic Antioxidative System Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In: Armstrong, D. (eds) Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress II. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 594. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1_22

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-410-4

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