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Sarcoplasmic reticulum calsequestrins: Structural and functional properties

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Abstract

Calsequestrin is the major Ca2+-binding protein localized in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Calsequestrin has been purified and cloned from both skeletal and cardiac muscle in mammalian, amphibian, and avian species. Two different calsequestrin gene products namely cardiac and fast have been identified. Fast and cardiac calsequestrin isoforms have a highly acidic amino acid composition. The amino acid composition of the cardiac form is very similar to the skeletal form except for the carboxyl terminal region of the protein which possess variable length of acidic residues and two phosphorylation sites. Circular dichroism and NMR studies have shown that calsequestrin increases its α-helical content and the intrinsic fluorescence upon binding of Ca2+. Calsequestrin binds Ca2+ with high-capacity and with moderate affinity and it functions as a Ca2+ storage protein in the lumen of the SR. Calsequestrin has been found to be associated with the Ca2+ release channel protein complex of the SR through protein-protein interactions. The human and rabbit fast calsequestrin genes have been cloned. The fast gene is skeletal muscle specific and transcribed at different rates in fast and slow skeletal muscle but not in cardiac muscle. We have recently cloned the rabbit cardiac calsequestrin gene. Heart expresses exclusively the cardiac calsquestrin gene. This gene is also expressed in slow skeletal muscle. No change in calsequestrin mRNA expression has been detected in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and in failing human heart.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Kenichi Yano & Angel Zarain-Herzberg

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, 351 Taché Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Kenichi Yano & Angel Zarain-Herzberg

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  1. Kenichi Yano
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Yano, K., Zarain-Herzberg, A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calsequestrins: Structural and functional properties. Mol Cell Biochem 135, 61–70 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00925961

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