Elsevier

Biochemical Pharmacology

Volume 46, Issue 11, 3 December 1993, Pages 2007-2020
Biochemical Pharmacology

Altered gene expression in human leukemia K562 cells selected for resistance to etoposide

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90643-BGet rights and content

Abstract

Sublines of K562 human leukemia cells were selected for resistance (30- to 80-fold) to etoposide by continuous exposure to 0.5 μM VP-16. Two etoposide-resistant cell lines, K/VP.5 and K/VP.5-1, showed a 5-fold reduction in levels of topoisomerase IIα protein compared with K562 cells. Northern analysis indicated a 2.5-fold reduction in topoisomerase IIα mRNA in etoposide-resistant cell lines, due in part to a 1.7-fold decrease in topoisomerase II mRNA stability with no change in transcription rate. Immunoblotting assays of electrophoresed cell lysates from VP-16-treated cells revealed less drug-induced covalent topoisomerase II/DNA adducts in resistant than in sensitive cells, suggesting a functional alteration in resistant cell topoisomerase II. Recent reports of specific topoisomerase II DNA binding sites near the promoter sites of growth response genes and alterations of gene expression in cells treated with topoisomerase II inhibitory drugs led to experiments to determine if the apparent functional alterations of topoisomerase II were accompanied by changes in the regulation of these genes. Therefore, the expression of several growth response genes was compared by northern analysis in parental K562 and both VP-16-resistant cell lines. Basal levels of c-myc were comparable for all three cell lines, but levels of c-jun and c-fos were elevated 2- to 4-fold in VP-16- resistant cell lines. Increased levels of c-fos and c-jun were not a result of altered rates of transcription, as determined by nuclear run-off assays. Exposure of both sensitive and resistant cells to 200 μM VP- 16 for 5 hr resulted in no further changes in topoisomerase II mRNA levels but caused an additional 2- to 3-fold elevation in the level of c-jun mRNA, indicating that altered basal levels of this gene were not due to deregulation of this gene. Acquired VP-16 resistance in K/VP.5 and K/VP.5-1 cells was accompanied by reduced levels and altered activities of DNA topoisomerase II as well as changes affecting the expression of genes important for growth and differentiation.

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