Cyclic somatostatin analogues as potent antagonists at μ-, but not δ- and κ-opioid receptors mediating presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release in the brain

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Abstract

The opioid receptor antagonist properties of four conformaiionally constrained cyclic octapeptidc analogues of somatostatin were investigated using in vitro functional paradigms of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in the rat brain. The analogues examined were D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pcn-Thr-NH2 (CTAP), D-Tic-CTOP (TCTOP) and D-Tic-CTAP (TCTAP). Activation of μ-receptors by the enkephalin analogue Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(NMc)Phc-Gly-ol (DAGO) inhibited the (electrically evoked) release of [3H]noradrenalinc (NA) from superfused cortical slices and this inhibitory effect was antagonized in a competitive fashion by all of the octapeptides tested (pA2 values: CTOP and CTAP 7.9–8.0, TCTOP and TCTAP 8.7–8.8). Selective activation of κ-opioid receptors by the cyclohcxylbenzeneacctamidc U69593 (0.02 μM) inhibited (by 40–45%) the release of [3H]dopamine (DA) from striatal slices, whereas selective activation of δ-opioid receptors by [D-Scr2O-t-butyl),Leu5]enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSTBULET; 0.1 μM) caused an inhibition (by 38–46%) of striatal [14C]acctylcholine (ACh) release. However, these inhibitory effects were not affected by any of the octapeptides in concentrations that caused full antagonism of the inhibitory effect (55–65%) of 0.1 μM DAGO on cortical [3H]NA release. Thus, the cyclic octapcptide somatostatin analogues CTOP, CTAP, TCTOP and TCTAP are potent and highly selective antagonists at the μ-opioid receptors mediating presynaptic inhibition of NA release in the brain. The μ-rceeptor affinity of the most potent of these antagonists, TCTOP and TCTAP, appears to be similar to that of naloxone but these antagonists have a much greater selectivity than the latter.

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    The doses were 16 μg NBQX and 680 μg LY376385 (Tambeli et al., 2002). CTOP (Cys2, Tyr3, Orn5, and Pen7 amide) is a μ-opioid receptor antagonist with a selectivity ≈ 4000 × greater than δ-receptors and ≈ 8750 × greater than somatostatin receptors (Gulya et al., 1986; Mulder et al., 1991; Pelton et al., 1986). CTOP was administered into the nucleus accumbens at a dose of 0.5 μg.

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