Cell
ArticleSynthesis, transport and fate of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick embryo muscle cells
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2022, Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisCitation Excerpt :Other compounds such as cypermethrin insecticide caused an increase in AChE activity in Physalaemus gracilis tadpoles exposed to low concentrations of 6 and 10 µg/L, whereas the higher concentration (20 μg/L) promoted inhibition of AChE activity [60]. Therefore, we believe that two hypotheses could explain the phenomenon observed in isolated (and also combined) exposures on AChE activity: (i) the increase in AChE activity could be a result of biogenesis and de novo protein synthesis after the short term (i.e, a couple of hours) AChE inactivation by these very low TCF concentrations, which would induce a metabolic turnover [61–65]; (ii) the increase in AChE could be reflecting a low-grade systemic inflammatory response due to reduced levels of acetylcholine, a molecule that acts on anti-inflammatory signaling in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway [66]. Considering environmental dynamics, amphibians are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, which can enhance the toxicity and harmfulness to the species.
The NMJ as a model synapse: New perspectives on formation, synaptic transmission and maintenance: Acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction
2020, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :While the mechanisms of intracellular transport and sorting will be essentially the same in all cell types, primarily neurons and muscle cells, the unique structural features of the skeletal muscle such as the multinucleated phenotype will provide a slightly modified sorting to the neuromuscular synapse, the NMJ. The early expression of AChE in skeletal muscle has been studies extensively both in tissue cultured cells and in vivo [36–41]. The levels of AChE in prefusion mononucleated myoblasts is very low or non-existent and increases dramatically following fusion with the increased expression of muscle-specific genes.
Analysis of nerve agent metabolites from nail clippings by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
2016, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life SciencesLithium treatment induces proteasomal degradation of over-expressed acetylcholinesterase (AChE-S) and inhibit GSK3β
2013, Chemico-Biological InteractionsCitation Excerpt :The non-multimerized subunits remain as globular monomers and are rendered inactive by as yet unknown post-translational modifications. A retention signal in the C-terminal peptide retains AChE-S monomers in the cytoplasm [25] where many of them are rapidly degraded [26]. Abnormal glycosylation can increase protein degradation, which may affect AChE-S secretion and stability [22,27].
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