Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System
Trophic actions of extracellular ATP: gene expression profiling by DNA array analysis
Section snippets
Trophic actions of purines
In addition to Prof. Burnstock’s well known work in the short-term, neurotransmitter actions of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, he has also had an interest in the long-term, trophic actions of purines, including studies in the enteric nervous system and in astrocytes. In work which is of particular relevance to neural regeneration, transplantation of enteric ganglia into the CNS promoted sprouting of host neurons (Tew et al., 1994). Subsequent co-culture experiments indicated
Signal transduction mechanisms
Our group has been exploring the signaling mechanisms that underlie the trophic actions of extracellular nucleotides in rat cortical astrocytes. Extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) is a key member of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that is crucial to cellular proliferation and differentiation. MAPK cascades are composed of at least three cytosolic protein kinases that are activated sequentially. These cascades relay information from the plasma membrane to the
Purinergic receptor activation and gene expression
As mentioned above, activated ERK can translocate to the nucleus where it can activate or induce transcription factors and complexes, leading to expression of genes crucial for cellular proliferation or differentiation. Stimulation of purinergic receptors in many cell types causes the induction of immediate early response genes such as c-fos, c-jun, junB, and c-myc (for review, see Neary and Abbracchio, 2000). In astrocytes, α, β-methylene ATP increased nuclear Fos and Jun immunostaining
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Yuan Kang for excellent assistance with the ERK and DNA array studies. This work is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs.
References (27)
- et al.
Early expression of a novel nucleotide receptor in the neural plate of Xenopus embryos
J. Biol. Chem.
(1997) - et al.
GTP and guanosine synergistically enhance NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells
Int. J. Devl. Neurosci.
(1996) - et al.
Neurite outgrowth of striatal neurons in vitro: involvement of purines in the growth-promoting effect of myenteric plexus explants
Int. J. Devl. Neurosci.
(1996) - et al.
Trophic actions of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides on glial and neuronal cells
Trends Neurosci.
(1996) - et al.
Mitogenic signaling from P1 and P2 purinergic receptors to mitogen-activated protein kinase in human fetal astrocytes
Neurosci. Letters
(1998) - et al.
Trophic signaling pathways activated by purinergic receptors in rat and human astroglia
Prog. Brain Res.
(1999) Adenosine receptor activation in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells: enhancement of cAMP levels, DNA synthesis and cell division
Exp. Cell Res.
(1982)- et al.
Transplantation of the postnatal rat myenteric plexus into the adult rat corpus striatum: an electron microscopic study
Exp. Neurol.
(1994) - et al.
Extracellular ATP shows synergistic enhancement of DNA synthesis when combined with agents that are active in wound healing or as neurotransmitters
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
(1990) - et al.
Characterization of the signalling pathways involved in ATP and basic fibroblast growth factor-induced astrogliosis
Brit. J. Pharmacol.
(1997)
Neurotransmitters and trophic factors in the autonomic nervous system
J. Physiol.
Characterization of the Ca2+ responses evoked by ATP and other nucleotides in mammalian brain astrocytes
Brit. J. Pharmacol.
P2 receptor-mediated proliferative effects on astrocytes in vivo
Glia
Cited by (21)
Neuronal and glial calcium signaling in Alzheimer's disease
2003, Cell CalciumMolecular and Biological Properties of P2Y Receptors
2003, Current Topics in MembranesCitation Excerpt :The few examples described above of P2Y receptor–MAPK kinase cascade interactions are intended to be an introductory guide to this intricate signaling pathway. The reader is encouraged to consult excellent reviews covering in more detail various aspects of MAPK cascade signaling (Pearson et al., 2001) and the regulation of MAPK by P2Y receptors (Boarder and Hourani, 1998; Neary, 2000). The preceding consideration of general characteristics of P2Y receptors is followed by a discussion of more specific aspects associated with molecular, pharmacological, and functional properties of each member of the P2Y receptor family.
ATP responses in human C nociceptors
2002, PainBradykinin increases resensitization of purinergic receptor signaling in glioma cells
2010, Cancer Cell International