Vanilloid receptor 1-like receptor-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the rat trigeminal nervous system

doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00427-9

Neuroscience

Volume 101, Issue 3, 15 November 2000, Pages 719-725

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00427-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

Immunohistochemistry for vanilloid receptor 1-like receptor (VRL-1), a candidate transducer for high-threshold noxious heat, was performed on rat trigeminal primary sensory neurons. The immunoreactivity was detected in 14% of the trigeminal ganglion cell bodies, while the neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal tract nucleus were almost devoid of it (0.5%). The immunoreactive neurons in the trigeminal ganglion were mostly of medium to large size (mean±S.D. of 956±376 μm²). Nerve bundles in the tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, facial skin and oral mucosa contained VRL-1-positive smooth nerve fibers. The immunoreactivity could not be traced to the isolated nerve fibers, except in the tooth pulp. In the brainstem trigeminal nuclear complex, a notable concentration of the immunoreactivity was seen in laminae I and II of the medullary dorsal horn. Thirty-seven per cent of the trigeminal ganglion neurons retrogradely labeled from the tooth pulp exhibited VRL-1 immunoreactivity, while the immunoreactivity was detected in only 9% of those labeled from the skin. Co-expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide was common among the VRL-1-immunoreactive tooth pulp neurons (45%) and cutaneous neurons (25%). Moreover, as many as 41% of the VRL-1-immunoreactive tooth pulp neurons co-expressed parvalbumin immunoreactivity. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was never detected in the VRL-1-immunoreactive cutaneous neurons.

From the findings of the present study, we propose that large primary neurons responding to high-threshold noxious heat are abundant in the tooth pulp, but not in the facial skin.

Section snippets

Animals

The TGs, brainstems, maxillae, mandibles and facial skins were obtained from six male Sprague–Dawley rats (200–300 g; Charles River, Japan). Rats were anesthetized with ether to the level at which respiration was markedly suppressed (i.e. respiration had stopped for 30 s or more), and perfused transvascularly with 50 ml of saline followed by 500 ml of 4% formaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The materials were dissected and postfixed with the same fixative for 30 min. Maxillae and

The distribution of primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic trigeminal tract nucleus

Two types of staining pattern were observed in TG neurons. In strongly stained neurons, VRL-1 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected throughout the cytoplasm (Fig. 1A, B). The immunoreactivity was restricted to the plasma membrane in lightly stained neurons (Fig. 1A). In a previous study, however, lightly stained neurons were also observed in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. VRL-1 is unlikely to act as a noxious heat transducer in such neurons. In this study, therefore, lightly stained

Discussion

The present study demonstrated that VRL-1 IR was localized to primary sensory neurons in the TG. In the Mes5, virtually all neurons were devoid of the immunoreactivity. Because Mes5 neurons are considered to be the exclusive source of trigeminal proprioceptors innervating masticatory muscles and periodontal ligaments,1., 17. it is likely that most trigeminal proprioceptors are devoid of the candidate transducer for high-threshold heat responses. We also showed that orofacial structures

Conclusions

We have described VRL-1 IR in TG and Mes5 primary sensory neurons. The immunoreactivity was detected in 14% of TG cells, while Mes5 neurons were almost devoid of VRL-1 IR. The VRL-1-IR TG cells were mostly medium to large in size. They probably innervate orofacial structures and project to the superficial laminae of the medullary dorsal horn. Co-expression of CGRP was common among the VRL-1-IR tooth pulp neurons and cutaneous neurons. VRL-1-IR TG neurons that co-expressed parvalbumin IR

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Dr David Julius (Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California) for the kind gift of the anti-VRL-1 serum.

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Citation Excerpt :
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Vanilloid receptor 1-like receptor-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons in the rat trigeminal nervous system

Abstract

Section snippets

Animals

The distribution of primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic trigeminal tract nucleus

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Neuroscience

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Expl Neurol.

Brain Res.

Neuroscience

Peptides

Brain Res. Bull.